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SAO/NASA ADS Physics Abstract Service


Title:
Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in pp collisions at s=900GeV
Authors:
Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Abramyan, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bogdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borisov, A.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Calvo, E.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J.-P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; de Gruttola, D.; de Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Remigis, R.; de Rooij, R.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Delgado, Y.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; di Bari, D.; di Giglio, C.; di Liberto, S.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Esumi, S.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fateev, O.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; García Trapaga, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gómez Jiménez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerra, C.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huang, M.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jachołkowski, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jančurová, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanović, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kaliňák, P.; Kalisky, M.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornaś, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Králik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladrón de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; León, H.; León Monzón, I.; León Vargas, H.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J.-R.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Malagalage, K. J.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malinina, L.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez Hernández, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milano, L.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. S.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Øvrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastirčák, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Pérez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petráček, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyré, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Pocheptsov, T.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polák, K.; Polichtchouk, B.; Polozov, P.; Polyakov, V.; Pommeresch, B.; Pop, A.; Posa, F.; Pospíšil, V.; Potukuchi, B.; Pouthas, J.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Pulvirenti, A.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Putiš, M.; Putschke, J.; Quercigh, E.; Rachevski, A.; Rademakers, A.; Radomski, S.; Räihä, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez Reyes, A.; Rammler, M.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rath, S.; Read, K. F.; Real, J. S.; Redlich, K.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Rettig, F.; Revol, J.-P.; Reygers, K.; Ricaud, H.; Riccati, L.; Ricci, R. A.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Rivetti, A.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Román López, S.; Romita, R.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosinský, P.; Rosnet, P.; Rossegger, S.; Rossi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Rousseau, S.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Rui, R.; Rusanov, I.; Russo, G.; Ryabinkin, E.; Rybicki, A.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Sahoo, R.; Saini, J.; Saiz, P.; Sakata, D.; Salgado, C. A.; Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, R.; Salur, S.; Samanta, T.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Šándor, L.; Sandoval, A.; Sano, M.; Sano, S.; Santo, R.; Santoro, R.; Sarkamo, J.; Saturnini, P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schindler, H.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Scott, P. A.; Segato, G.; Semenov, D.; Senyukov, S.; Seo, J.; Serci, S.; Serkin, L.; Serradilla, E.; Sevcenco, A.; Sgura, I.; Shabratova, G.; Shahoyan, R.; Sharkov, G.; Sharma, N.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siciliano, M.; Sicking, E.; Siddi, E.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silenzi, A.; Silvermyr, D.; Simili, E.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Skjerdal, K.; Smakal, R.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R.; Snow, H.; Søgaard, C.; Soloviev, A.; Soltveit, H. K.; Soltz, R.; Sommer, W.; Son, C. W.; Son, H.; Song, M.; Soos, C.; Soramel, F.; Soyk, D.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Staley, F.; Stan, E.; Stefanek, G.; Stefanini, G.; Steinbeck, T.; Stenlund, E.; Steyn, G.; Stocco, D.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, P.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Subieta Vásquez, M. A.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Susa, T.; Swoboda, D.; Symons, J.; Szanto de Toledo, A.; Szarka, I.; Szostak, A.; Szuba, M.; Tadel, M.; Tagridis, C.; Takahara, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tanabe, R.; Tapia Takaki, J. D.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terrevoli, C.; Thäder, J.; Tieulent, R.; Tlusty, D.; Toia, A.; Tolyhy, T.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Torii, H.; Torralba, G.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Tournaire, A.; Traczyk, T.; Tribedy, P.; Tröger, G.; Truesdale, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Tsilis, E.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Turvey, A.; Tveter, T. S.; Tydesjö, H.; Tywoniuk, K.; Ulery, J.; Ullaland, K.; Uras, A.; Urbán, J.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Usai, G. L.; Vacchi, A.; Vala, M.; Valencia Palomo, L.; Vallero, S.; van der Kolk, N.; Vande Vyvre, P.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vannucci, L.; Vargas, A.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Vasileiou, M.; Vechernin, V.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara, S.; Vernet, R.; Verweij, M.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Vickovic, L.; Viesti, G.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Vinogradov, Y.; Virgili, T.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vodopianov, A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wagner, B.; Wagner, V.; Wallet, L.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Wen, Q.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, A.; Wilk, G.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willis, N.; Windelband, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yang, H.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yuan, X.; Yurevich, V.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zycháček, V.; Zynovyev, M.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), AB(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AC(Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA), AD(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba), AE(Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia), AF(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic), AG(Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India), AH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AI(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary), AJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AL(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India), AM(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India), AN(Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea), AO(University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan), AP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), AR(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), AS(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AT(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), AU(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AV(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), AW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AX(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ andSezione INFN, Bari, Italy), AY(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), AZ(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania), BA(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), BB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), BC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), BD(Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA), BE(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia), BF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), BG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BH(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BI(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BJ(Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), BL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), BM(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), BP(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BQ(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain), BR(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), BS(Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA), BT(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), BU(V. 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Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia), ALG(Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy), ALH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy), ALI(Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), ALJ(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), ALK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), ALL(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ALM(Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands), ALN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), ALO(Nikhef and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands), ALP(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy), ALQ(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), ALR(Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India), ALS(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ALT(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ALU(Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece), ALV(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), ALW(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), ALX(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), ALY(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), ALZ(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy), AMA(Nikhef and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands), AMB(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AMC(Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia), AMD(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), AME(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), AMF(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa), AMG(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom), AMH(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), AMI(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), AMJ(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), AMK(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Salerno, Italy), AML(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AMM(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AMN(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AMO(Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA), AMP(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ andSezione INFN, Bari, Italy), AMQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AMR(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), AMS(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia), AMT(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), AMU(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), AMV(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), AMW(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AMX(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AMY(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AMZ(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANA(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANB(University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), ANC(China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China), AND(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), ANE(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), ANF(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANG(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), ANH(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), ANI(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland), ANJ(Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), ANK(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), ANL(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANM(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANN(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANO(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANP(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ANQ(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), ANR(Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea), ANS(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANT(University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), ANU(Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea), ANV(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANW(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), ANX(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ANY(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), ANZ(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AOA(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia), AOB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AOC(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOD(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOE(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), AOF(Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic), AOG(Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland), AOH(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AOI(Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia), AOJ(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico), AOK(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania), AOL(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia), AOM(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AON(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AOO(China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China), AOP(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AOQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), AOR(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOS(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine), AOT(Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), AOU(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), AOV(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine)
Publication:
Physical Review D, vol. 82, Issue 5, id. 052001 (PhRvD Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2010
Origin:
APS
PACS Keywords:
Particle correlations, Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Abstract Copyright:
(c) :
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.82.052001
Bibliographic Code:
2010PhRvD..82e2001A

Abstract

We report on the measurement of two-pion correlation functions from pp collisions at s=900GeV performed by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Our analysis shows an increase of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss radius with increasing event multiplicity, in line with other measurements done in particle- and nuclear collisions. Conversely, the strong decrease of the radius with increasing transverse momentum, as observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at Tevatron, is not manifest in our data.


Title:
Midrapidity Antiproton-to-Proton Ratio in pp Collisons at s=0.9 and 7 TeV Measured by the ALICE Experiment
Authors:
Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Abramyan, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bogdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borisov, A.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Calvo, E.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J.-P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; de Gruttola, D.; de Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Remigis, R.; de Rooij, R.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Delgado, Y.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; di Bari, D.; di Giglio, C.; di Liberto, S.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Esumi, S.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fateev, O.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; García Trapaga, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gómez Jiménez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerra, C.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huang, M.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jachołkowski, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jančurová, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanović, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kaliňák, P.; Kalisky, M.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornaś, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Králik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladrón de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; León, H.; León Monzón, I.; León Vargas, H.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J.-R.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Malagalage, K. J.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez Hernández, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milano, L.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. S.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Øvrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastirčák, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Pérez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petráček, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyré, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Pocheptsov, T.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polák, K.; Polichtchouk, B.; Polozov, P.; Polyakov, V.; Pommeresch, B.; Pop, A.; Posa, F.; Pospíšil, V.; Potukuchi, B.; Pouthas, J.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Pulvirenti, A.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Putiš, M.; Putschke, J.; Quercigh, E.; Rachevski, A.; Rademakers, A.; Radomski, S.; Räihä, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez Reyes, A.; Rammler, M.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rath, S.; Read, K. F.; Real, J. S.; Redlich, K.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Rettig, F.; Revol, J.-P.; Reygers, K.; Ricaud, H.; Riccati, L.; Ricci, R. A.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Rivetti, A.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Román López, S.; Romita, R.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosinský, P.; Rosnet, P.; Rossegger, S.; Rossi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Rousseau, S.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Rui, R.; Rusanov, I.; Russo, G.; Ryabinkin, E.; Rybicki, A.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Sahoo, R.; Saini, J.; Saiz, P.; Sakata, D.; Salgado, C. A.; Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, R.; Salur, S.; Samanta, T.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Šándor, L.; Sandoval, A.; Sano, M.; Sano, S.; Santo, R.; Santoro, R.; Sarkamo, J.; Saturnini, P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schindler, H.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Scott, P. A.; Segato, G.; Semenov, D.; Senyukov, S.; Seo, J.; Serci, S.; Serkin, L.; Serradilla, E.; Sevcenco, A.; Sgura, I.; Shabratova, G.; Shahoyan, R.; Sharkov, G.; Sharma, N.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siciliano, M.; Sicking, E.; Siddi, E.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silenzi, A.; Silvermyr, D.; Simili, E.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Skjerdal, K.; Smakal, R.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R.; Snow, H.; Søgaard, C.; Soloviev, A.; Soltveit, H. K.; Soltz, R.; Sommer, W.; Son, C. W.; Son, H.; Song, M.; Soos, C.; Soramel, F.; Soyk, D.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Staley, F.; Stan, E.; Stefanek, G.; Stefanini, G.; Steinbeck, T.; Stenlund, E.; Steyn, G.; Stocco, D.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, P.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Subieta Vásquez, M. A.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Susa, T.; Swoboda, D.; Symons, J.; Szanto de Toledo, A.; Szarka, I.; Szostak, A.; Szuba, M.; Tadel, M.; Tagridis, C.; Takahara, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tanabe, R.; Tapia Takaki, J. D.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terrevoli, C.; Thäder, J.; Tieulent, R.; Tlusty, D.; Toia, A.; Tolyhy, T.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Torii, H.; Torralba, G.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Tournaire, A.; Traczyk, T.; Tribedy, P.; Tröger, G.; Truesdale, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Tsilis, E.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Turvey, A.; Tveter, T. S.; Tydesjö, H.; Tywoniuk, K.; Ulery, J.; Ullaland, K.; Uras, A.; Urbán, J.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Usai, G. L.; Vacchi, A.; Vala, M.; Valencia Palomo, L.; Vallero, S.; van der Kolk, N.; Vande Vyvre, P.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vannucci, L.; Vargas, A.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Vasileiou, M.; Vechernin, V.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara, S.; Vernet, R.; Verweij, M.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Vickovic, L.; Viesti, G.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Vinogradov, Y.; Virgili, T.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vodopianov, A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wagner, B.; Wagner, V.; Wallet, L.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Wen, Q.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, A.; Wilk, G.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willis, N.; Windelband, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yang, H.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yuan, X.; Yurevich, V.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zycháček, V.; Zynovyev, M.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), AB(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AC(Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA), AD(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba), AE(Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia), AF(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic), AG(Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India), AH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AI(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary), AJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AL(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India), AM(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India), AN(Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea), AO(University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan), AP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), AR(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), AS(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AT(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), AU(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), AV(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), AW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AX(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy), AY(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), AZ(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania), BA(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), BB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), BC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), BD(Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA), BE(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia), BF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), BG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BH(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BI(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BJ(Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), BL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), BM(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), BO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), BP(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), BQ(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain), BR(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), BS(Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA), BT(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), BU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), BV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), BW(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), BX(Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA ), BY(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland), BZ(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India), CA(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), CB(Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), CC(Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy), CD(Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea), CE(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), CF(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), CG(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), CH(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France), CI(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), CJ(Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia), CK(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy), CL(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary), CM(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom), CN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), CO(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland), CP(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy), CQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), CR(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), CS(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), CT(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), CU(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), CV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), CW(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), CX(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), CY(Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy), CZ(Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France), DA(Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA), DB(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), DC(Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece), DD(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), DE(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), DF(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania), DG(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), DH(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), DI(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia), DJ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), DK(Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India), DL(Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India), DM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), DN(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy), DO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), DP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), DQ(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic), DR(Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), DS(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), DT(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), DU(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), DV(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy), DW(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain), DX(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), DY(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), DZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), EA(Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA), EB(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia), EC(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), ED(Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia), EE(Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea), EF(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary), EG(Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia), EH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), EI(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland), EJ(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France), EK(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine), EL(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), EM(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India), EN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), EO(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), EP(Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), EQ(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ER(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), ES(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), ET(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), EU(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany), EV(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), EW(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), EX(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), EY(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), EZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FA(Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA), FB(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy), FC(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), FD(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), FE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FF(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), FG(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa), FH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), FI(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), FJ(Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA), FK(Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru), FL(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico), FM(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), FN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FO(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FP(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy), FQ(Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), FR(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FS(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FT(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FU(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy), FV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), FW(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France), FX(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), FY(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania), FZ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), GA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), GB(Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), GC(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), GD(Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea), GE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), GF(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), GG(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France), GH(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India), GI(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), GJ(Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA), GK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), GL(Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), GM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), GN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), GO(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil), GP(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, 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Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy), AHS(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AHT(Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India), AHU(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AHV(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AHW(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India), AHX(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia), AHY(Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy), AHZ(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), AIA(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), AIB(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), AIC(Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA), AID(Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), AIE(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom), AIF(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), AIG(Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia), AIH(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AII(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA), AIJ(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), AIK(Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea), AIL(Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea), AIM(Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea), AIN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AIO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), AIP(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), AIQ(Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece), AIR(Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA), AIS(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AIT(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France), AIU(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania), AIV(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland), AIW(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AIX(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AIY(Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden), AIZ(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa), AJA(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), AJB(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany), AJC(Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia), AJD(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia), AJE(Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil), AJF(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), AJG(Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan), AJH(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), AJI(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic), AJJ(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia), AJK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AJL(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA), AJM(Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil), AJN(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia), AJO(Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy), AJP(Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland), AJQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AJR(Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece), AJS(University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan), AJT(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil), AJU(University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), AJV(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), AJW(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AJX(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AJY(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AJZ(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), AKA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AKB(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. 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J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia), ALF(Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy), ALG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy), ALH(Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), ALI(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), ALJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico), ALK(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ALL(Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), ALM(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), ALN(Nikhef and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands), ALO(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy), ALP(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), ALQ(Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India), ALR(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ALS(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ALT(Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece), ALU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), ALV(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy), ALW(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy), ALX(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico), ALY(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy), ALZ(Nikhef and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands), AMA(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AMB(Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia), AMC(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy), AMD(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), AME(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa), AMF(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom), AMG(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), AMH(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), AMI(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia), AMJ(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E. R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Salerno, Italy), AMK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India), AML(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AMM(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), AMN(Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA), AMO(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy), AMP(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AMQ(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany), AMR(Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia), AMS(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France), AMT(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), AMU(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), AMV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AMW(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AMX(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AMY(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AMZ(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANA(University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), ANB(China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China), ANC(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), AND(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), ANE(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANF(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), ANG(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany), ANH(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland), ANI(Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), ANJ(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France), ANK(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANL(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANM(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANN(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), ANO(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ANP(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France), ANQ(Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea), ANR(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANS(University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), ANT(Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea), ANU(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), ANV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), ANW(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia), ANX(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), ANY(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia), ANZ(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia), AOA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland), AOB(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOC(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOD(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia), AOE(Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic), AOF(Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland), AOG(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany), AOH(Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia), AOI(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico), AOJ(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania), AOK(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia), AOL(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AOM(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AON(China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China), AOO(Hua-Zhong Normal University, Wuhan, China), AOP(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy), AOQ(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia), AOR(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine), AOS(Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), AOT(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic), AOU(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine)
Publication:
Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, Issue 7, id. 072002 (PhRvL Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2010
Origin:
APS
PACS Keywords:
Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy interactions
Abstract Copyright:
(c) :
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.072002
Bibliographic Code:
2010PhRvL.105g2002A

Abstract

The ratio of the yields of antiprotons to protons in pp collisions has been measured by the ALICE experiment at s=0.9 and 7 TeV during the initial running periods of the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement covers the transverse momentum interval 0.45<pt<1.05GeV/c and rapidity |y|<0.5. The ratio is measured to be R|y|<0.5=0.957±0.006(stat)±0.014(syst) at 0.9 TeV and R|y|<0.5=0.991±0.005(stat)±0.014(syst) at 7 TeV and it is independent of both rapidity and transverse momentum. The results are consistent with the conventional model of baryon-number transport and set stringent limits on any additional contributions to baryon-number transfer over very large rapidity intervals in pp collisions.


Title:
Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV with ALICE at LHC
Authors:
Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Abramyan, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bogdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borisov, A.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J.-P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; de Gruttola, D.; de Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Remigis, R.; de Rooij, R.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; di Bari, D.; di Giglio, C.; di Liberto, S.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Esumi, S.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fateev, O.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; García Trapaga, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gómez Jiménez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huang, M.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jachołkowski, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jančurová, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanović, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kaliňák, P.; Kalisky, M.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornaś, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Králik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladrón de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; León, H.; León Monzón, I.; León Vargas, H.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J.-R.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Malagalage, K. J.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez Hernández, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. S.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Øvrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastirčák, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Pérez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petráček, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyré, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Pocheptsov, T.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polák, K.; Polichtchouk, B.; Polozov, P.; Polyakov, V.; Pommeresch, B.; Pop, A.; Posa, F.; Pospíšil, V.; Potukuchi, B.; Pouthas, J.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Pulvirenti, A.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Putiš, M.; Putschke, J.; Quercigh, E.; Rachevski, A.; Rademakers, A.; Radomski, S.; Räihä, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez Reyes, A.; Rammler, M.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rath, S.; Read, K. F.; Real, J. S.; Redlich, K.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Rettig, F.; Revol, J.-P.; Reygers, K.; Ricaud, H.; Riccati, L.; Ricci, R. A.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Rivetti, A.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Román López, S.; Romita, R.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosinský, P.; Rosnet, P.; Rossegger, S.; Rossi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Rousseau, S.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Rui, R.; Rusanov, I.; Russo, G.; Ryabinkin, E.; Rybicki, A.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Sahoo, R.; Saini, J.; Saiz, P.; Sakata, D.; Salgado, C. A.; Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, R.; Salur, S.; Samanta, T.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Šándor, L.; Sandoval, A.; Sano, M.; Sano, S.; Santo, R.; Santoro, R.; Sarkamo, J.; Saturnini, P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schindler, H.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Segato, G.; Semenov, D.; Senyukov, S.; Seo, J.; Serci, S.; Serkin, L.; Serradilla, E.; Sevcenco, A.; Sgura, I.; Shabratova, G.; Shahoyan, R.; Sharkov, G.; Sharma, N.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siciliano, M.; Sicking, E.; Siddi, E.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silenzi, A.; Silvermyr, D.; Simili, E.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Skjerdal, K.; Smakal, R.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R.; Snow, H.; Søgaard, C.; Soloviev, A.; Soltveit, H. K.; Soltz, R.; Sommer, W.; Son, C. W.; Son, H.; Song, M.; Soos, C.; Soramel, F.; Soyk, D.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Staley, F.; Stan, E.; Stefanek, G.; Stefanini, G.; Steinbeck, T.; Stenlund, E.; Steyn, G.; Stocco, D.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, P.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Subieta Vásquez, M. A.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Susa, T.; Swoboda, D.; Symons, J.; Szanto de Toledo, A.; Szarka, I.; Szostak, A.; Szuba, M.; Tadel, M.; Tagridis, C.; Takahara, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tanabe, R.; Tapia Takaki, D. J.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terrevoli, C.; Thäder, J.; Tieulent, R.; Tlusty, D.; Toia, A.; Tolyhy, T.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Torii, H.; Torralba, G.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Tournaire, A.; Traczyk, T.; Tribedy, P.; Tröger, G.; Truesdale, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Tsilis, E.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Turvey, A.; Tveter, T. S.; Tydesjö, H.; Tywoniuk, K.; Ulery, J.; Ullaland, K.; Uras, A.; Urbán, J.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Usai, G. L.; Vacchi, A.; Vala, M.; Valencia Palomo, L.; Vallero, S.; van der Kolk, N.; Vande Vyvre, P.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vannucci, L.; Vargas, A.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Vasileiou, M.; Vechernin, V.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara, S.; Vernet, R.; Verweij, M.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Vickovic, L.; Viesti, G.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Vinogradov, Y.; Virgili, T.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vodopianov, A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wagner, B.; Wagner, V.; Wallet, L.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Wen, Q.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, A.; Wilk, G.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willis, N.; Windelband, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yang, H.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yuan, X.; Yurevich, V.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zycháček, V.; Zynovyev, M.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AB(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AC(Physics Department, Creighton University), AD(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)), AE(Yerevan Physics Institute), AF(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), AG(Physics Department, Panjab University), AH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AI(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AL(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University), AM(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University), AN(Gangneung-Wonju National University), AO(University of Tokyo), AP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AR(Sezione INFN), AS(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AT(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AU(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AV(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AX(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AY(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AZ(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), BA(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), BD(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), BE(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute), BF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BH(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BI(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BJ(Sezione INFN), BK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), BM(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BP(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BQ(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), BR(Sezione INFN), BS(Yale University), BT(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), BU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), BV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BW(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BX(Oak Ridge National Laboratory), BY(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), BZ(Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University), CA(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), CB(Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), CC(Sezione INFN), CD(Gangneung-Wonju National University), CE(Sezione INFN), CF(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), CG(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CH(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), CI(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CJ(Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences), CK(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CL(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), CM(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), CN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CO(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences), CP(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), CQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CR(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), CS(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CT(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CU(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), CV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), CW(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CX(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), CY(Sezione INFN), CZ(Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3), DA(Wayne State University), DB(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), DC(Physics Department, University of Athens), DD(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), DE(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DF(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), DG(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DH(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DI(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), DJ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), DK(Physics Department, University of Jammu), DL(Physics Department, Panjab University), DM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DN(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), DO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), DQ(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), DR(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), DS(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), DT(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DU(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), DV(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DW(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), DX(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), DY(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), DZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), EA(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), EB(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), EC(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), ED(Institute for High Energy Physics), EE(Yonsei University), EF(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), EG(Faculty of Science, P.J. 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Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AJX(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AJY(Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3), AJZ(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AKA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKB(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AKC(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKD(Hiroshima University), AKE(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKF(Sezione INFN), AKG(Sezione INFN), AKH(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), AKI(Warsaw University of Technology), AKJ(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AKK(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKL(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), AKM(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), AKN(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKO(Physics Department, University of Athens), AKP(University of Tokyo), AKQ(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), AKR(Sezione INFN), AKS(Physics Department, Creighton University), AKT(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AKU(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKV(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AKW(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AKX(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AKY(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AKZ(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), ALA(Sezione INFN), ALB(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALC(Sezione INFN), ALD(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ALE(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), ALF(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALG(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), ALH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ALI(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALJ(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN), ALK(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), ALL(Indian Institute of Technology), ALM(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ALN(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALO(Physics Department, University of Athens), ALP(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), ALQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALR(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALS(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), ALT(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALU(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALV(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), ALW(Technical University of Split FESB), ALX(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALY(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), ALZ(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories), AMA(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), AMB(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AMC(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), AMD(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), AME(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AMF(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AMG(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AMH(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AMI(Wayne State University), AMJ(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AMK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AML(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AMM(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), AMN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), AMO(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AMP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AMQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AMR(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMS(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMT(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AMU(University of Tsukuba), AMV(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AMW(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AMX(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AMY(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AMZ(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), ANA(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), ANB(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies), ANC(Sezione INFN), AND(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), ANE(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANF(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANG(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANH(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANI(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANJ(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), ANK(Pusan National University), ANL(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANM(University of Tsukuba), ANN(Pusan National University), ANO(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANP(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANR(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), ANS(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), ANT(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), ANU(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ANV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANW(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANX(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), ANY(Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), ANZ(Warsaw University of Technology), AOA(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AOB(Institute for High Energy Physics), AOC(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), AOD(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), AOE(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), AOF(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOG(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOH(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AOI(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOJ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AOK(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AOL(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics), AOM(Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3), AON(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AOO(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics)
Publication:
The European Physical Journal C, Volume 68, Issue 3-4, pp. 345-354 (EPJC Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2010
Origin:
SPRINGER
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2010: CERN for the benefit of the ALICE collaboration
DOI:
10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1350-2
Bibliographic Code:
2010EPJC...68..345A

Abstract

The pseudorapidity density and multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt{s}=7 TeV, were measured in the central pseudorapidity region | η|<1. Comparisons are made with previous measurements at sqrt{s}=0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV. At sqrt{s}=7 TeV, for events with at least one charged particle in | η|<1, we obtain dN_{ch}/dη=6.01±0.01(mathrm {stat.})^{+0.20}_{-0.12}(syst.). This corresponds to an increase of 57.6%±0.4%(stat.)^{+3.6}_{-1.8}%(syst.) relative to collisions at 0.9 TeV, significantly higher than calculations from commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution at 7 TeV is described fairly well by the negative binomial distribution.


Title:
Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=0.9 and 2.36 TeV with ALICE at LHC
Authors:
Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Abramyan, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bogdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borshchov, V.; Borisov, A.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J.-P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; de Gruttola, D.; de Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Remigis, R.; de Rooij, R.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; di Bari, D.; di Giglio, C.; di Liberto, S.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Esumi, S.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fateev, O.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; García Trapaga, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gómez Jiménez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huang, M.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jachołkowski, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jančurová, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanović, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kaliňák, P.; Kalisky, M.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornaś, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Králik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladrón de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; León, H.; León Monzón, I.; León Vargas, H.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Listratenko, O.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J.-R.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Malagalage, K. J.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez Hernández, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. S.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Øvrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastirčák, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Pérez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petráček, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyré, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Pocheptsov, T.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polák, K.; Polichtchouk, B.; Polozov, P.; Polyakov, V.; Pommeresch, B.; Pop, A.; Posa, F.; Pospíšil, V.; Potukuchi, B.; Pouthas, J.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Pulvirenti, A.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Putiš, M.; Putschke, J.; Quercigh, E.; Rachevski, A.; Rademakers, A.; Radomski, S.; Räihä, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez Reyes, A.; Rammler, M.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rath, S.; Read, K. F.; Real, J. S.; Redlich, K.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Rettig, F.; Revol, J.-P.; Reygers, K.; Ricaud, H.; Riccati, L.; Ricci, R. A.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Rivetti, A.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Román López, S.; Romita, R.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosinský, P.; Rosnet, P.; Rossegger, S.; Rossi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Rousseau, S.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Rui, R.; Rusanov, I.; Russo, G.; Ryabinkin, E.; Rybicki, A.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Sahoo, R.; Saini, J.; Saiz, P.; Sakata, D.; Salgado, C. A.; Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, R.; Salur, S.; Samanta, T.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Šándor, L.; Sandoval, A.; Sano, M.; Sano, S.; Santo, R.; Santoro, R.; Sarkamo, J.; Saturnini, P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schindler, H.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Segato, G.; Semenov, D.; Senyukov, S.; Seo, J.; Serci, S.; Serkin, L.; Serradilla, E.; Sevcenco, A.; Sgura, I.; Shabratova, G.; Shahoyan, R.; Sharkov, G.; Sharma, N.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siciliano, M.; Sicking, E.; Siddi, E.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silenzi, A.; Silvermyr, D.; Simili, E.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Skjerdal, K.; Smakal, R.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R.; Snow, H.; Søgaard, C.; Soloviev, A.; Soltveit, H. K.; Soltz, R.; Sommer, W.; Son, C. W.; Son, H.; Song, M.; Soos, C.; Soramel, F.; Soyk, D.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Staley, F.; Stan, E.; Stefanek, G.; Stefanini, G.; Steinbeck, T.; Stenlund, E.; Steyn, G.; Stocco, D.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, P.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Subieta Vásquez, M. A.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Susa, T.; Swoboda, D.; Symons, J.; Szanto de Toledo, A.; Szarka, I.; Szostak, A.; Szuba, M.; Tadel, M.; Tagridis, C.; Takahara, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tanabe, R.; Tapia Takaki, D. J.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terrevoli, C.; Thäder, J.; Tieulent, R.; Tlusty, D.; Toia, A.; Tolyhy, T.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Torii, H.; Torralba, G.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Tournaire, A.; Traczyk, T.; Tribedy, P.; Tröger, G.; Truesdale, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Tsilis, E.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Turvey, A.; Tveter, T. S.; Tydesjö, H.; Tywoniuk, K.; Ulery, J.; Ullaland, K.; Uras, A.; Urbán, J.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Usai, G. L.; Vacchi, A.; Vala, M.; Valencia Palomo, L.; Vallero, S.; van der Kolk, N.; Vande Vyvre, P.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vannucci, L.; Vargas, A.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Vasileiou, M.; Vechernin, V.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara, S.; Vernet, R.; Verweij, M.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Vickovic, L.; Viesti, G.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Vinogradov, Y.; Virgili, T.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vodopianov, A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wagner, B.; Wagner, V.; Wallet, L.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Wen, Q.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, A.; Wilk, G.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willis, N.; Windelband, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yang, H.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yuan, X.; Yurevich, V.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zycháček, V.; Zynovyev, M.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), AB(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AC(Physics Department, Creighton University), AD(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)), AE(Yerevan Physics Institute), AF(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), AG(Physics Department, Panjab University), AH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AI(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AL(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), AM(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), AN(Gangneung-Wonju National University), AO(University of Tokyo), AP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AR(Sezione INFN), AS(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AT(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AU(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AV(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AX(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AY(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AZ(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), BA(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), BD(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), BE(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute), BF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BH(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BI(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BJ(Sezione INFN), BK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), BM(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BP(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BQ(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), BR(Sezione INFN), BS(Yale University), BT(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), BU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), BV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BW(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BX(Oak Ridge National Laboratory), BY(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), BZ(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), CA(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), CB(Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), CC(Sezione INFN), CD(Gangneung-Wonju National University), CE(Sezione INFN), CF(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), CG(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CH(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), CI(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), CJ(Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences), CK(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CL(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), CM(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), CN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), CO(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences), CP(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), CQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CR(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), CS(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), CT(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CU(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), CV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), CW(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CX(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), CY(Sezione INFN), CZ(Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3), DA(Wayne State University), DB(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), DC(Physics Department, University of Athens), DD(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), DE(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DF(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), DG(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DH(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DI(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), DJ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), DK(Physics Department, University of Jammu), DL(Physics Department, Panjab University), DM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DN(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), DO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), DQ(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), DR(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), DS(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), DT(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DU(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), DV(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DW(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), DX(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), DY(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), DZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), EA(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), EB(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), EC(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), ED(Institute for High Energy Physics), EE(Yonsei University), EF(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), EG(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), EH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EI(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), EJ(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), EK(Scientific Research Technological Institute of Instrument Engineering), EL(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics), EM(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EN(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), EO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EP(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EQ(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), ER(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ES(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), ET(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), EU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), EV(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung; Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt), EW(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), EX(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EY(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), EZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FB(Yale University), FC(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), FD(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), FE(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), FF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FG(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), FH(Physics Department, iThemba Laboratories, University of Cape Town), FI(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), FJ(Hua-Zhong Normal University), FK(Yale University), FL(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), FM(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), FN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FO(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FP(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), FQ(Sezione INFN), FR(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FS(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FT(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FU(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), FV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FW(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), FX(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), FY(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), FZ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), GA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), GB(Sezione INFN), GC(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), GD(Yonsei University), GE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), GF(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), GG(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), GH(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), GI(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), GJ(Physics Department, Creighton University), GK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), GL(Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon), GM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), GN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), GO(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), GP(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), GQ(Pusan National University), GR(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), GS(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), GT(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), GU(Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund), GV(University of Tsukuba), GW(Hiroshima University), GX(Sezione INFN), GY(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), GZ(Sezione INFN), HA(Physics Department, iThemba Laboratories, University of Cape Town), HB(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), HC(Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3), HD(Sezione INFN), HE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), HF(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), HG(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), HH(Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms), HI(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), HJ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), HK(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), HL(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), HM(Wayne State University), HN(Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN), HO(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), HP(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), HQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), HR(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), HS(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), HT(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), HU(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), HV(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), HW(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), HX(Sezione INFN), HY(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), HZ(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), IA(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), IB(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), IC(Institute of Physics), ID(Institute of Physics), IE(Universidade de São Paulo (USP)), IF(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. 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Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AJZ(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKA(Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon), AKB(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AKC(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKD(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AKE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKF(Hiroshima University), AKG(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKH(Sezione INFN), AKI(Sezione INFN), AKJ(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), AKK(Warsaw University of Technology), AKL(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AKM(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKN(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), AKO(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), AKP(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKQ(Physics Department, University of Athens), AKR(University of Tokyo), AKS(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), AKT(Sezione INFN), AKU(Physics Department, Creighton University), AKV(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), AKW(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKX(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), AKY(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AKZ(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), ALA(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALB(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), ALC(Sezione INFN), ALD(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALE(Sezione INFN), ALF(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ALG(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), ALH(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALI(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), ALJ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ALK(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALL(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN), ALM(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), ALN(Indian Institute of Technology), ALO(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ALP(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALQ(Physics Department, University of Athens), ALR(V. 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Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AMH(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AMI(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AMJ(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AMK(Wayne State University), AML(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AMM(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AMN(Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AMO(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), AMP(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3), AMQ(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AMR(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AMS(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AMT(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMU(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMV(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AMW(University of Tsukuba), AMX(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AMY(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AMZ(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), ANA(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANB(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), ANC(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AND(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies), ANE(Sezione INFN), ANF(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), ANG(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANH(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANI(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANJ(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANK(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), ANM(Pusan National University), ANN(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANO(University of Tsukuba), ANP(Pusan National University), ANQ(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANR(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANS(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANT(Department of Physicse, University of Oslo), ANU(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), ANV(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), ANW(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ANX(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANY(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANZ(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), AOA(Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), AOB(Warsaw University of Technology), AOC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AOD(Institute for High Energy Physics), AOE(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), AOF(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), AOG(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), AOH(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOI(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOJ(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AOK(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOL(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), AOM(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AON(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics), AOO(Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon), AOP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AOQ(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics)
Publication:
The European Physical Journal C, Volume 68, Issue 1-2, pp. 89-108 (EPJC Homepage)
Publication Date:
07/2010
Origin:
SPRINGER
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2010: CERN for the benefit of the ALICE collaboration
DOI:
10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1339-x
Bibliographic Code:
2010EPJC...68...89A

Abstract

Charged-particle production was studied in proton-proton collisions collected at the LHC with the ALICE detector at centre-of-mass energies 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV in the pseudorapidity range | η|<1.4. In the central region (| η|<0.5), at 0.9 TeV, we measure charged-particle pseudorapidity density dN_{ch}/dη=3.02± 0.01(mathit{stat.})^{+0.08}_{-0.05}(mathit{syst.}) for inelastic interactions, and dN_{ch}/dη=3.58±0.01(mathit{stat.})^{+0.12}_{-0.12}(mathit{syst.}) for non-single-diffractive interactions. At 2.36 TeV, we find dN_{ch}/dη=3.77±0.01(mathit{stat.})^{+0.25}_{-0.12}(mathit{syst.}) for inelastic, and dN_{ch}/dη=4.43±0.01(mathit{stat.})^{+0.17}_{-0.12}(mathit{syst.}) for non-single-diffractive collisions. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from the lower to higher energy is 24.7%±0.5%(mathit{stat.})^{+5.7}_{-2.8}%(mathit{syst.}) for inelastic and 23.7%±0.5%(mathit{stat.})^{+4.6}_{-1.1}%(mathit{syst.}) for non-single-diffractive interactions. This increase is consistent with that reported by the CMS collaboration for non-single-diffractive events and larger than that found by a number of commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution was measured in different pseudorapidity intervals and studied in terms of KNO variables at both energies. The results are compared to proton-antiproton data and to model predictions.


Title:
Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$~GeV with ALICE at the LHC
Authors:
ALICE Collaboration; Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Abramyan, A.; Adamova, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaraz Avina, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Anticic, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antonczyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Ban, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bogdanov, A.; Boggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsar, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borisov, A.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossu, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Calvo, E.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Romeo, G. Cara; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Diaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J. -P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortes Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; De Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; De Falco, A.; De Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; De Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; De Pasquale, S.; De Remigis, R.; de Rooij, R.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Delgado, Y.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Denes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Di Liberto, S.; Di Mauro, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Diaz, L.; Diaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, O.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Dominguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Esumi, S.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fateev, O.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhoje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia Trapaga, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gomez Jimenez, R.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Gonzalez-Trueba, L. H.; Gonzalez-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J. -Y.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerra, C.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H. -A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, O.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernandez, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hrivnacova, I.; Hu, S.; Huang, M.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jacholkowski, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jancurova, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanovic, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kalinak, P.; Kalisky, M.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornas, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Kralik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravcakova, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; Leon, H.; Monzon, I. Leon; Vargas, H. Leon; Levai, P.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; Lopez Noriega, M.; Lopez-Ramirez, R.; Lopez Torres, E.; Lovhoiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Luettig, P.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J. -R.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Malagalage, K. J.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mares, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marin, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martinez Hernandez, M. I.; 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Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Ovrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paic, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastircak, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Perez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petracek, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyre, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Ploskon, M.; 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Yang, H.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I-K.; Yuan, X.; Yurevich, V.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Zavada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zychacek, V.; Zynovyev, M.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1007.0719
Publication Date:
07/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Comment:
20 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1007.0719A

Abstract

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$~GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region $(|\eta|<0.8)$ over the transverse momentum range $0.15<p_T<10$~GeV/$c$. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for $|\eta|<0.8$ is $\left<p_T\right>_{\rm INEL}=0.483\pm0.001$~(stat.)~$\pm0.007$~(syst.)~GeV/$c$ and $\left<p_T\right>_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001$~(stat.)~$\pm0.007$~(syst.)~GeV/$c$, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger $\left<p_T\right>$ than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.


Title:
Fluorine Abundances in Galactic AGB Stars
Authors:
Abia, C.; Cunha, K.; Cristallo., S.; de Laverny, P.; Dominguez, I.; Eriksson, K.; Gialanella, L.; Hinkle, K.; Imbriani, G.; Recio-Blanco, A; Smith, V. V.; Straniero, O.; Wahlin, R.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:1004.4451
Publication Date:
04/2010
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Comment:
16 pages, 3 figures, Accepted in ApJ Letters
Bibliographic Code:
2010arXiv1004.4451A

Abstract

An analysis of the fluorine abundance in Galactic AGB carbon stars (24 N-type, 5 SC-type and 5 J-type) is presented. This study uses the state- of-the-art carbon rich atmosphere models and improved atomic and molecular line lists in the 2.3 {\mu}m region. F abundances significantly lower are obtained in comparison to previous study in the literature. The main reason of this difference is due to molecular blends. In the case of carbon stars of SC-type, differences in the model atmospheres are also relevant. The new F enhancements are now in agreement with the most recent theoretical nucleosynthesis models in low- mass AGB stars, solving the long standing problem of F in Galactic AGB stars. Nevertheless, some SC-type carbon stars still show larger F abundances than predicted by stellar models. The possibility that these stars are of larger mass is briefly discussed.


Title:
Metallicity as a Source of Dispersion in the SNIa Bolometric Light Curve Luminosity-Width Relationship
Authors:
Bravo, E.; Domínguez, I.; Badenes, C.; Piersanti, L.; Straniero, O.
Affiliation:
AA(Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Carrer Comte d'Urgell 187, 08036 Barcelona, Spain ), AB(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ), AC(Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel ; School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ; ), AD(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, via mentore Maggini snc, 64100 Teramo, Italy), AE(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, via mentore Maggini snc, 64100 Teramo, Italy)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 711, Issue 2, pp. L66-L70 (2010). (ApJL Homepage)
Publication Date:
03/2010
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
distance scale, nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, stars: evolution, supernovae: general
DOI:
10.1088/2041-8205/711/2/L66
Bibliographic Code:
2010ApJ...711L..66B

Abstract

The recognition that the metallicity of Type Ia supernova (SNIa) progenitors might bias their use for cosmological applications has led to an increasing interest in its role in shaping SNIa light curves. We explore the sensitivity of the synthesized mass of 56Ni, M(56Ni), to the progenitor metallicity starting from pre-main-sequence models with masses M 0 = 2-7 M sun and metallicities Z = 10-5-0.10. The interplay between convective mixing and carbon burning during the simmering phase eventually raises the neutron excess, η, and leads to a smaller 56Ni yield, but does not change substantially the dependence of M(56Ni) on Z. Uncertain attributes of the progenitor white dwarf, like the central density, have a minor effect on M(56Ni). Our main results are: (1) a sizeable amount of 56Ni is synthesized during incomplete Si-burning, which leads to a stronger dependence of M(56Ni) on Z than obtained by assuming that 56Ni is produced in material that burns fully to nuclear statistical equilibrium; (2) in one-dimensional delayed detonation simulations a composition dependence of the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) density gives a nonlinear relationship between M(56Ni) and Z and predicts a luminosity larger than previously thought at low metallicities (however, the progenitor metallicity alone cannot explain the whole observational scatter of SNIa luminosities); and (3) an accurate measurement of the slope of the Hubble residuals versus metallicity for a large enough data set of SNIa might give clues to the physics of DDT in thermonuclear explosions.


Title:
First proton-proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at sqrt{s}=900 GeV
Authors:
Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Acero, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bøgdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borshchov, V.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bugaev, K.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J.-P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O. V.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; de Gruttola, D.; de Haas, A. P.; de Marco, N.; de Rooij, R.; de Pasquale, S.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D'Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; di Bari, D.; di Giglio, C.; di Liberto, S.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Ding, H.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Do Amaral Valdiviesso, G.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M. M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; Garc, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gomez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Grosso, R.; Guarnaccia, C.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Innocenti, P. G.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Ivan, C.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iwasaki, T.; Jachołkowski, A.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jančurová, L.; Jangal, S.; Janik, R.; Jayananda, K.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jirden, L.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanovi, P.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Jusko, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kalcher, S.; Kali, P.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kalweit, A.; Kamal, A.; Kamermans, R.; Kanaki, K.; Kang, E.; Kang, J. H.; Kapitan, J.; Kaplin, V.; Kapusta, S.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kazantsev, A.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Khan, M. M.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Kikola, D.; Kileng, B.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein, C.; Kliemant, M.; Klovning, A.; Kluge, A.; Kniege, S.; Koch, K.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konevskih, A.; Kornaś, E.; Kour, R.; Kowalski, M.; Kox, S.; Kozlov, K.; Kral, J.; Králik, I.; Kramer, F.; Kraus, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krawutschke, T.; Krivda, M.; Krumbhorn, D.; Krus, M.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kupczak, R.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Kutouski, M.; Kvaerno, H.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Rocca, P.; Lackner, F.; Ladrón de Guevara, P.; Lafage, V.; Lal, C.; Lara, C.; Larsen, D. T.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Bris, N.; Lee, H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Lefèvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Leistam, L.; Lehnert, J.; Lenti, V.; León, H.; León Monzón, I.; León Vargas, H.; Lévai, P.; Li, Y.; Lietava, R.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Listratenko, O.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J.-R.; Luvisetto, M.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahajan, A.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Mattos Tavares, B.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. S.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Novitzky, N.; Nyatha, A.; Nygaard, C.; Nyiri, A.; Nystrand, J.; Ochirov, A.; Odyniec, G.; Oeschler, H.; Oinonen, M.; Okada, K.; Okada, Y.; Oldenburg, M.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orsini, F.; Ortíz Velázquez, A.; Ortona, G.; Oskamp, C.; Oskarsson, A.; Osmic, F.; Österman, L.; Ostrowski, P.; Otterlund, I.; Otwinowski, J.; Øvrebekk, G.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pachr, M.; Padilla, F.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Painke, F.; Pajares, C.; Pal, S.; Pal, S. K.; Palaha, A.; Palmeri, A.; Panse, R.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Park, W. J.; Pastirčák, B.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Pavlinov, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Pepato, A.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D.; Pérez, C.; Perini, D.; Perrino, D.; Peryt, W.; Peschek, J.; Pesci, A.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Peters, A. J.; Petráček, V.; Petridis, A.; Petris, M.; Petrov, P.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Peyré, J.; Piano, S.; Piccotti, A.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinsky, L.; Pitz, N.; Piuz, F.; Platt, R.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Pocheptsov, T.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polák, K.; Polichtchouk, B.; Polozov, P.; Polyakov, V.; Pommeresch, B.; Pop, A.; Posa, F.; Pospíšil, V.; Potukuchi, B.; Pouthas, J.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Pulvirenti, A.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Putiš, M.; Putschke, J.; Quercigh, E.; Rachevski, A.; Rademakers, A.; Radomski, S.; Räihä, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez Reyes, A.; Rammler, M.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rath, S.; Read, K. F.; Real, J.; Redlich, K.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Rettig, F.; Revol, J.-P.; Reygers, K.; Ricaud, H.; Riccati, L.; Ricci, R. A.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Rivetti, A.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Román López, S.; Romita, R.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosinský, P.; Rosnet, P.; Rossegger, S.; Rossi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Rousseau, S.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Rui, R.; Rusanov, I.; Russo, G.; Ryabinkin, E.; Rybicki, A.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Sahoo, R.; Saini, J.; Saiz, P.; Sakata, D.; Salgado, C. A.; Salgueiro Dominques da Silva, R.; Salur, S.; Samanta, T.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Šándor, L.; Sandoval, A.; Sano, M.; Sano, S.; Santo, R.; Santoro, R.; Sarkamo, J.; Saturnini, P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schindler, H.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schreiner, S.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Segato, G.; Semenov, D.; Senyukov, S.; Seo, J.; Serci, S.; Serkin, L.; Serradilla, E.; Sevcenco, A.; Sgura, I.; Shabratova, G.; Shahoyan, R.; Sharkov, G.; Sharma, N.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siciliano, M.; Sicking, E.; Siddi, E.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silenzi, A.; Silvermyr, D.; Simili, E.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Skjerdal, K.; Smakal, R.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R.; Snow, H.; Søgaard, C.; Sokolov, O.; Soloviev, A.; Soltveit, H. K.; Soltz, R.; Sommer, W.; Son, C. W.; Son, H. S.; Song, M.; Soos, C.; Soramel, F.; Soyk, D.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Staley, F.; Stan, I.; Stefanek, G.; Stefanini, G.; Steinbeck, T.; Stenlund, E.; Steyn, G.; Stocco, D.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, P.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Subieta Vásquez, M. A.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Susa, T.; Swoboda, D.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szanto de Toledo, A.; Szarka, I.; Szostak, A.; Szuba, M.; Tadel, M.; Tagridis, C.; Takahara, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tanabe, R.; Tapia Takaki, J. D.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terrevoli, C.; Thäder, J.; Tieulent, R.; Tlusty, D.; Toia, A.; Tolyhy, T.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Torii, H.; Torralba, G.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Tournaire, A.; Traczyk, T.; Tribedy, P.; Tröger, G.; Truesdale, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsiledakis, G.; Tsilis, E.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Turvey, A.; Tveter, T. S.; Tydesjö, H.; Tywoniuk, K.; Ulery, J.; Ullaland, K.; Uras, A.; Urbán, J.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Usai, G. L.; Vacchi, A.; Vala, M.; Valencia Palomo, L.; Vallero, S.; van den Brink, A.; van der Kolk, N.; Vande Vyvre, P.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vannucci, L.; Vargas, A.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Vassiliou, M.; Vechernin, V.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara, S.; Vernet, R.; Verweij, M.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Vickovic, L.; Viesti, G.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Vinogradov, Y.; Virgili, T.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vodopianov, A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wagner, B.; Wagner, V.; Wallet, L.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Wen, Q.; Wessels, J.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, A.; Wilk, G.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willis, N.; Windelband, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yang, H.; Yasnopolsky, A.; Yermia, F.; Yi, J.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yuan, X.; Yushmanov, I.; Zabrodin, E.; Zagreev, B.; Zalite, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zelnicek, P.; Zenin, A.; Zepeda, A.; Zgura, I.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, S.; Zhou, S.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zinchenko, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zinovjev, M.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zycháček, V.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AB(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AC(Physics Department, Creighton University), AD(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)), AE(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), AF(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), AG(Physics Department, Panjab University), AH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AI(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AJ(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AL(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), AM(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), AN(Kangnung National University), AO(University of Tokyo), AP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AQ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AR(Sezione INFN), AS(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AT(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AU(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AV(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AX(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AY(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AZ(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), BA(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BC(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), BD(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), BE(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute), BF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BG(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BH(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BI(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BJ(Sezione INFN), BK(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BL(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), BM(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), BO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), BP(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), BQ(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), BR(Sezione INFN), BS(Yale University), BT(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), BU(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), BV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), BW(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), BX(Oak Ridge National Laboratory), BY(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), BZ(Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University), CA(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), CB(Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), CC(Sezione INFN), CD(Kangnung National University), CE(Sezione INFN), CF(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), CG(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CH(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), CI(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CJ(Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences), CK(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CL(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), CM(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), CN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CO(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences), CP(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), CQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), CR(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), CS(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), CT(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CU(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), CV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), CW(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), CX(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), CY(Sezione INFN), CZ(Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3), DA(Wayne State University), DB(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), DC(Physics Department, University of Athens), DD(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), DE(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DF(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), DG(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DH(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), DI(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), DJ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), DK(Physics Department, University of Jammu), DL(Physics Department, Panjab University), DM(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DN(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), DO(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), DQ(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), DR(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), DS(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), DT(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DU(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), DV(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), DW(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), DX(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), DY(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), DZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), EA(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), EB(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), EC(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), ED(Institute for High Energy Physics), EE(Yonsei University), EF(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), EG(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), EH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EI(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), EJ(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), EK(Scientific Research Technological Institute of Instrument Engineering), EL(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EM(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), EN(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EO(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EP(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), EQ(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ER(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), ES(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), ET(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), EU(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung; Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt), EV(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), EW(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), EX(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), EY(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), EZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), FA(Yale University), FB(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. 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Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), KV(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), KW(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), KX(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), KY(Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN), KZ(Universidade de São Paulo (USP)), LA(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), LB(Sezione INFN), LC(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), LD(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. 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Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), ACM(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), ACN(Physics Department, University of Jammu), ACO(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), ACP(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), ACQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ACR(Sezione INFN), ACS(Wayne State University), ACT(Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences), ACU(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ACV(Indian Institute of Technology), ACW(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ACX(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), ACY(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), ACZ(Faculty of Science, P.J. 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Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AEM(Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN), AEN(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AEO(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), AEP(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AEQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AER(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AES(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), AET(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), AEU(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), AEV(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), AEW(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AEX(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AEY(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AEZ(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AFA(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences), AFB(Institute for High Energy Physics), AFC(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AFD(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AFE(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AFF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AFG(University of Tsukuba), AFH(Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), AFI(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AFJ(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), AFK(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AFL(Physics Department, University of Jammu), AFM(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), AFN(Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences), AFO(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AFP(University of Tsukuba), AFQ(University of Tokyo), AFR(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AFS(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AFT(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), AFU(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), AFV(Sezione INFN), AFW(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AFX(Purdue University), AFY(National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering), AFZ(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AGA(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AGB(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AGC(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AGD(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AGE(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AGF(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AGG(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), AGH(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AGI(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AGJ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AGK(Sezione INFN), AGL(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AGM(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), AGN(Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN), AGO(Kangnung National University), AGP(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AGQ(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AGR(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)), AGS(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), AGT(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AGU(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AGV(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AGW(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AGX(Physics Department, Panjab University), AGY(Physics Department, University of Jammu), AGZ(Hiroshima University), AHA(University of Tsukuba), AHB(Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)), AHC(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AHD(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AHE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AHF(Sezione INFN), AHG(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies), AHH(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AHI(Oak Ridge National Laboratory), AHJ(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), AHK(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AHL(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AHM(Physics Department, University of Jammu), AHN(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AHO(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AHP(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), AHQ(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University), AHR(Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN), AHS(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AHT(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AHU(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AHV(Yale University), AHW(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), AHX(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), AHY(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), AHZ(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AIA(Institute for High Energy Physics), AIB(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AIC(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), AID(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AIE(Pusan National University), AIF(Department of Physics, Sejong University), AIG(Yonsei University), AIH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AII(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AIJ(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AIK(Physics Department, University of Athens), AIL(Purdue University), AIM(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AIN(Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU), AIO(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), AIP(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies), AIQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AIR(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AIS(Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund), AIT(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories), AIU(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AIV(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AIW(Institute for High Energy Physics), AIX(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University), AIY(Universidade de São Paulo (USP)), AIZ(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AJA(Hiroshima University), AJB(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), AJC(Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), AJD(Rudjer Bo\vsković Institute), AJE(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJF(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), AJG(Universidade de São Paulo (USP)), AJH(Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University), AJI(Sezione INFN), AJJ(Warsaw University of Technology), AJK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJL(Physics Department, University of Athens), AJM(University of Tokyo), AJN(Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)), AJO(University of Tsukuba), AJP(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), AJQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJR(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJS(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJT(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), AJU(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AJV(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AJW(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AJX(Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon), AJY(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AJZ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKA(KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences), AKB(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKC(Hiroshima University), AKD(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKE(Sezione INFN), AKF(Sezione INFN), AKG(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), AKH(Warsaw University of Technology), AKI(Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre), AKJ(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKK(Department of Physics, Ohio State University), AKL(Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä), AKM(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AKN(Physics Department, University of Athens), AKO(University of Tokyo), AKP(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), AKQ(Sezione INFN), AKR(Physics Department, Creighton University), AKS(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AKT(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AKU(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), AKV(Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), AKW(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AKX(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AKY(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), AKZ(Sezione INFN), ALA(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALB(Sezione INFN), ALC(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ALD(Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), ALE(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALF(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALG(National Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF)), ALH(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ALI(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALJ(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN), ALK(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), ALL(Indian Institute of Technology), ALM(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ALN(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ALO(Physics Department, University of Athens), ALP(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), ALQ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALR(Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALS(Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla), ALT(Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALU(Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University), ALV(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), ALW(Technical University of Split FESB), ALX(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), ALY(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), ALZ(Physics Department, University of Cape Town, iThemba Laboratories), AMA(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham), AMB(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), AMC(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), AMD(Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)), AME(Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AMF(Institute of Physics), AMG(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AMH(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), AMI(Wayne State University), AMJ(Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN), AMK(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AML(ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung), AMM(Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University), AMN(Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3), AMO(Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen), AMP(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague), AMQ(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), AMR(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMS(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMT(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AMU(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AMV(University of Tsukuba), AMW(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AMX(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), AMY(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AMZ(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), ANA(Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster), ANB(Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies), ANC(Sezione INFN), AND(Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3), ANE(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANF(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANG(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANH(Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), ANI(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANJ(SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3), ANK(Pusan National University), ANL(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANM(University of Tsukuba), ANN(Pusan National University), ANO(Hua-Zhong Normal University), ANP(Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute), ANQ(Department of Physics, University of Oslo), ANR(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), ANS(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), ANT(European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)), ANU(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANV(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), ANW(V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University), ANX(Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), ANY(Warsaw University of Technology), ANZ(Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), AOA(Institute for High Energy Physics), AOB(Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)), AOC(Institute of Space Sciences (ISS)), AOD(Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute), AOE(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOF(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOG(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AOH(China Institute of Atomic Energy), AOI(Hua-Zhong Normal University), AOJ(Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN), AOK(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)), AOL(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics), AOM(Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics), AON(Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon), AOO(Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague)
Publication:
The European Physical Journal C, Volume 65, Issue 1-2, pp. 111-125 (EPJC Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2010
Origin:
SPRINGER
DOI:
10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4
Bibliographic Code:
2010EPJC...65..111A

Abstract

On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range | η|<0.5, we obtain d N ch/d η=3.10±0.13(stat.)±0.22(syst.) for all inelastic interactions, and d N ch/d η=3.51±0.15(stat.)±0.25(syst.) for non-single diffractive interactions. These results are consistent with previous measurements in proton-antiproton interactions at the same centre-of-mass energy at the CERN Sp overline{p} S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase.


Title:
The chemical composition of carbon stars. The R-type stars
Authors:
Zamora, O.; Abia, C.; Plez, B.; Domínguez, I.; Cristallo, S.
Affiliation:
AA(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ), AB(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain), AC(GRAAL, Université Montpellier II, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France), AD(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain), AE(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy)
Publication:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 508, Issue 2, 2009, pp.909-922 (A&A Homepage)
Publication Date:
12/2009
Origin:
EDP Sciences
Keywords:
stars: abundances, stars: chemically peculiar, stars: carbon, stars: AGB and post-AGB
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/200912843
Bibliographic Code:
2009A&A...508..909Z

Abstract

Aims. The aim of this work is to shed some light on the problem of the formation of carbon stars of R-type from a detailed study of their chemical composition.
Methods: We use high-resolution and high signal-to-noise optical spectra of 23 R-type stars (both early- and late-types) selected from the Hipparcos catalogue. The chemical analysis is made using spectral synthesis in LTE and state-of-the-art carbon-rich spherical model atmospheres. We derive their CNO content (including the 12C/13C ratio), average metallicity, lithium, and light (Sr, Y, Zr) and heavy (Ba, La, Nd, Sm) s-element abundances. The observed properties of the stars (galactic distribution, kinematics, binarity, photometry and luminosity) are also discussed.
Results: Our analysis shows that late-R stars are carbon stars with identical chemical and observational characteristics as the normal (N-type) AGB carbon stars. The s-element abundance pattern derived can be reproduced by low-mass AGB nucleosynthesis models where the 13C(α, n)16O reaction is the main neutron donor. We confirm the results of the sole previous abundance analysis of early-R stars, namely that they are carbon stars with near solar metallicity showing enhanced nitrogen, low 12C/13C ratios and no s-element enhancements. In addition, we have found that early-R stars have Li abundances larger than expected for post RGB tip giants. We also find that a significant number (~40%) of the early-R stars in our sample are wrongly classified, probably being classical CH stars and normal K giants.
Conclusions: On the basis of the chemical analysis, we confirm the previous suggestion that late-R stars are just misclassified N-type carbon stars in the AGB phase of evolution. Their photometric, kinematic, variability and luminosity properties are also compatible with this. In consequence, we suggest that the number of true R stars is considerably lower than previously believed. This alleviates the problem of considering R stars as a frequent stage in the evolution of low-mass stars. We briefly discuss the different scenarios proposed for the formation of early-R stars. The mixing of carbon during an anomalous He-flash is favoured, although no physical mechanism able to trigger that mixing has been found yet. The origin of these stars still remains a mystery.


Title:
Asymptotic-Giant-Branch Models at Very Low Metallicity
Authors:
Cristallo, S.; Piersanti, L.; Straniero, O.; Gallino, R.; Domínguez, I.; Käppeler, F.
Affiliation:
AA(Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo (INAF), via Maggini 64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AB(Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo (INAF), via Maggini 64100 Teramo, Italy), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo (INAF), via Maggini 64100 Teramo, Italy), AD(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Universitá di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), AE(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain), AF(Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik Postfach 3460, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany)
Publication:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp. 139-144. (PASA Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2009
Origin:
PASA
Keywords:
nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, stars: AGB and post-AGB,
DOI:
10.1071/AS09003
Bibliographic Code:
2009PASA...26..139C

Abstract

In this paper we present the evolution of a low-mass model (initial mass M = 1.5 Msolar) with a very low metal content (Z = 5 × 10-5, equivalent to [Fe/H] = -2.44). We find that, at the beginning of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase, protons are ingested from the envelope in the underlying convective shell generated by the first fully developed thermal pulse. This peculiar phase is followed by a deep third dredge-up episode, which carries to the surface the freshly synthesized 13C, 14N and 7Li. A standard thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) evolution then follows. During the proton-ingestion phase, a very high neutron density is attained and the s process is efficiently activated. We therefore adopt a nuclear network of about 700 isotopes, linked by more than 1200 reactions, and we couple it with the physical evolution of the model. We discuss in detail the evolution of the surface chemical composition, starting from the proton ingestion up to the end of the TP-AGB phase.


Title:
Fine structure in the azimuthal transverse momentum correlations at sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV using the event shape analysis
Authors:
Ayala, Alejandro; Cuautle, Eleazar; Domínguez, Isabel; Ortiz, Antonio; Paić, Guy
Affiliation:
AA(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AB(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AC(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AD(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), AE(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)
Publication:
The European Physical Journal C, Volume 62, Issue 3, pp.535-540 (EPJC Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2009
Origin:
SPRINGER
Keywords:
13.87.-a, 13.87.Fh, 25.75.Bh
DOI:
10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1058-3
Bibliographic Code:
2009EPJC...62..535A

Abstract

The experimental results on transverse momentum azimuthal hadron correlations at RHIC have opened a rich field for parton energy loss analysis in heavy-ion collisions. Recently, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to study the shapes of the “away-side” jet which exhibit an interesting and unexpected “double hump” structure not observed in the analogous treatment of the pp data. Driven by the possibility that the latter result might just mean that such a structure exists already in the case of pp collisions, but that its relative intensity could be small, here we use the Event Shape Analysis to show that it is possible to identify and select well defined event topologies in pp collisions, among which a double hump structure for the away-side jet emerges. Using two shape parameters, the sphericity in the transverse plane and the recoil to analyze a sample of PYTHIA generated pp collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV, we show that this structure corresponds to two jets emitted in the backward hemisphere. Finally, we show that Q-PYTHIA qualitatively reproduces the decrease in the yield of dijet events and the increase of the double hump structure in the away side observed in heavy-ion collisions. The implications for the treatment of parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions are discussed.


Title:
Evolution, Nucleosynthesis, and Yields of Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars at Different Metallicities
Authors:
Cristallo, S.; Straniero, O.; Gallino, R.; Piersanti, L.; Domínguez, I.; Lederer, M. T.
Affiliation:
AA(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy ), AB(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy ), AC(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Universitá di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy ; Center for Stellar and Planetary Astrophysics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, P.O. Box 28, Victoria 3800, Australia ), AD(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy ), AE(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ), AF(Institut für Astronomie, Türkenschanzstraße 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 696, Issue 1, pp. 797-820 (2009). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/2009
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, stars: AGB and post-AGB
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/797
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...696..797C

Abstract

The envelope of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars undergoing periodic third dredge-up (TDU) episodes is enriched in both light and heavy elements, the ashes of a complex internal nucleosynthesis involving p, α, and n captures over hundreds of stable and unstable isotopes. In this paper, new models of low-mass AGB stars (2 M sun), with metallicity ranging between Z = 0.0138 (the solar one) and Z = 0.0001, are presented. Main features are (1) a full nuclear network (from H to Bi) coupled to the stellar evolution code, (2) a mass loss-period-luminosity relation, based on available data for long-period variables, and (3) molecular and atomic opacities for C- and/or N-enhanced mixtures, appropriate for the chemical modifications of the envelope caused by the TDU. For each model, a detailed description of the physical and chemical evolutions is presented; moreover, we present a uniform set of yields, comprehensive of all chemical species (from hydrogen to bismuth). The main nucleosynthesis site is the thin 13C pocket, which forms in the core-envelope transition region after each TDU episode. The formation of this 13C pocket is the principal by-product of the introduction of a new algorithm, which shapes the velocity profile of convective elements at the inner border of the convective envelope: both the physical grounds and the calibration of the algorithm are discussed in detail. We find that the pockets shrink (in mass) as the star climbs the AGB, so that the first pockets, the largest ones, leave the major imprint on the overall nucleosynthesis. Neutrons are released by the 13C(α, n)16O reaction during the interpulse phase in radiative conditions, when temperatures within the pockets attain T ~ 1.0 × 108 K, with typical densities of (106-107) neutrons cm-3. Exceptions are found, as in the case of the first pocket of the metal-rich models (Z = 0.0138, Z = 0.006 and Z = 0.003), where the 13C is only partially burned during the interpulse: the surviving part is ingested in the convective zone generated by the subsequent thermal pulse (TP) and then burned at T ~ 1.5 × 108 K, thus producing larger neutron densities (up to 1011 neutrons cm-3). An additional neutron exposure, caused by the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg during the TPs, is marginally activated at large Z, but becomes an important nucleosynthesis source at low Z, when most of the 22Ne is primary. The final surface compositions of the various models reflect the differences in the initial iron-seed content and in the physical structure of AGB stars belonging to different stellar populations. Thus, at large metallicities the nucleosynthesis of light s-elements (Sr, Y, Zr) is favored, whilst, decreasing the iron content, the overproduction of heavy s-elements (Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and lead becomes progressively more important. At low metallicities (Z = 0.0001) the main product is lead. The agreement with the observed [hs/ls] index observed in intrinsic C stars at different [Fe/H] is generally good. For the solar metallicity model, we found an interesting overproduction of some radioactive isotopes, like 60Fe, as a consequence of the anomalous first 13C pocket. Finally, light elements (C, F, Ne, and Na) are enhanced at any metallicity.


Title:
Pulsating Reverse Detonation Models of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Explosion
Authors:
Bravo, Eduardo; García-Senz, Domingo; Cabezón, Rubén M.; Domínguez, Inmaculada
Affiliation:
AA(Departament Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ; ), AB(Departament Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ; ), AC(Departament Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ), AD(Depto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Univ. Granada )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 695, Issue 2, pp. 1257-1272 (2009). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2009
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
hydrodynamics, nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, supernovae: general
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1257
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...695.1257B

Abstract

Observational evidences point to a common explosion mechanism of Type Ia supernovae based on a delayed detonation of a white dwarf (WD). However, all attempts to find a convincing ignition mechanism based on a delayed detonation in a destabilized, expanding, white dwarf have been elusive so far. One of the possibilities that has been invoked is that an inefficient deflagration leads to pulsation of a Chandrasekhar-mass WD, followed by formation of an accretion shock that confines a carbon-oxygen rich core, while transforming the kinetic energy of the collapsing halo into thermal energy of the core, until an inward moving detonation is formed. This chain of events has been termed Pulsating Reverse Detonation (PRD). In this work, we present three-dimensional numerical simulations of PRD models from the time of detonation initiation up to homologous expansion. Different models characterized by the amount of mass burned during the deflagration phase, M defl, give explosions spanning a range of kinetic energies, K ~ (1.0-1.2) × 1051 erg, and 56Ni masses, M(56Ni) ~ 0.6-0.8 M sun, which are compatible with what is expected for typical Type Ia supernovae. Spectra and light curves of angle-averaged spherically symmetric versions of the PRD models are discussed. Type Ia supernova spectra pose the most stringent requirements on PRD models.


Title:
Fluorine in AGB Carbon Stars Revisited
Authors:
Abia, C.; Recio-Blanco, A.; de Laverny, P.; Cristallo, S.; Dominguez, I.; Straniero, O.
Publication:
eprint arXiv:0812.3103
Publication Date:
12/2008
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics
Comment:
25 pages, 3 figures. to be appear in The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2009 issue)
Bibliographic Code:
2008arXiv0812.3103A

Abstract

A reanalysis of the fluorine abundance in three Galactic AGB carbon stars (TX Psc, AQ Sgr and R Scl) has been performed from the molecular HF (1-0) R9 line at 2.3358 $\mu$m. High-resolution (R$\sim 50000$) and high signal to noise spectra obtained with the CRIRES spectrograph and the VLT telescope or from the NOAO archive (for TX Psc) have been used. Our abundance analysis uses the latest generation of MARCS model atmospheres for cool carbon rich stars. Using spectral synthesis in LTE we derive for these stars fluorine abundances that are systematically lower by $\sim 0.8$ dex in average with respect to the sole previous estimates by Jorissen, Smith & Lambert (1992). The possible reasons of this discrepancy are explored. We conclude that the difference may rely on the blending with C-bearing molecules (CN and C$_2$) that were not properly taken into account in the former study. The new F abundances are in better agreement with the prediction of full network stellar models of low mass AGB stars. These models also reproduce the $s$-process elements distribution in the sampled stars. This result, if confirmed in a larger sample of AGB stars, might alleviate the current difficulty to explain the largest [F/O] ratios found by Jorissen et al. In particular, it may not be necessary to search for alternative nuclear chains affecting the production of F in AGB stars.


Title:
Azimuthal Correlations in p-p collisions
Authors:
Cuautle, Eleazar; Domínguez, Isabel; Paić, Guy
Affiliation:
AA(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, A. P. 70543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico), AB(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, A. P. 70543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico), AC(Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, A. P. 70543, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico)
Publication:
PARTICLES AND FIELDS: X Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 857, pp. 283-286 (2006). (AIPC Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2006
Origin:
AIP
PACS Keywords:
Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy interactions
DOI:
10.1063/1.2359268
Bibliographic Code:
2006AIPC..857..283C

Abstract

We report the analysis of experimental azimuthal correlations measured by STAR in p-p collisions at sNN = 200 GeV. We conclude that for a fit of data using Pythia event generator we need to include two values of kT.


Title:
Chemical analysis of carbon stars in the Local Group
Authors:
de Laverny, P.; Abia, C.; Domínguez, I.; Plez, B.; Straniero, O.; Wahlin, R.; Eriksson, K.; Jørgensen, U. G.
Affiliation:
AA(Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Dpt. Cassiopée UMR6 202, 06 304 Nice Cedex 4, France ), AB(Dpto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18 071 Granada, Spain), AC(Dpto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18 071 Granada, Spain), AD(GRAAL, UMR5024, Université de Montpellier II, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France), AE(INAF - Osservatorio di Collurania, 64 100 Teramo, Italy), AF(Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, Box 515, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden), AG(Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, Box 515, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden), AH(Niels Bohr Institute, Astronomical Observatory, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark)
Publication:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 446, Issue 3, February II 2006, pp.1107-1118 (A&A Homepage)
Publication Date:
02/2006
Origin:
EDP Sciences
Keywords:
stars: abundances, stars: carbon, nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, galaxies: Local Group
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361:20053423
Bibliographic Code:
2006A&A...446.1107D

Abstract

We present the first results of our ongoing chemical study of carbon stars in the Local Group of galaxies. We used spectra obtained with UVES at the 8.2 m Kueyen-VLT telescope and a new grid of spherical model atmospheres for cool carbon-rich stars which include polyatomic opacities, to perform a full chemical analysis of one carbon star, BMB-B 30, in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and two, IGI95-C1 and IGI95-C3, in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy. Our main goal is to test the dependence on the stellar metallicity of the s-process nucleosynthesis and mixing mechanism occurring in AGB stars. For these three stars, we find important s-element enhancements with respect to the mean metallicity ([M/H]), namely [s/M]≈+1.0, similar to the figure found in galactic AGB stars of similar metallicity. The abundance ratios derived between elements belonging to the first and second s-process abundance peaks, corresponding to nuclei with a magic number of neutrons N=50 (88Sr, 89Y, 90Zr) and N=82 (138Ba, 139La, 140Ce, 141Pr), agree remarkably well with the theoretical predictions of low mass (M <3~M_ȯ) metal-poor AGB nucleosynthesis models where the main source of neutrons is the 13C(α,n)16O reaction activated during the long interpulse phase, in a small pocket located within the He-rich intershell. The derived C/O and 12C/13C ratios are, however, more difficult to reconcile with theoretical expectations. Possible explanations, like the extrinsic origin of the composition of these carbon stars or the operation of a non-standard mixing process during the AGB phase (such as the cool bottom process), are discussed on the basis of the collected observational constraints.


Title:
Short-lived isotopes and 23Na production in low mass AGB Stars
Authors:
Cristallo, S.; Gallino, R.; Straniero, O.; Piersanti, L.; Domınguez, I.
Affiliation:
AA(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AB(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Universitá di Torino e Sezione INFN di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy), AD(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy), AE(Departamento Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)
Publication:
Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana, v.77, p.774 (2006)
Publication Date:
00/2006
Origin:
MmSAI
Keywords:
AGB stars, nucleosynthesis, s-process, short-lived isotopes
Bibliographic Code:
2006MmSAI..77..774C

Abstract

We discuss the synthesis of some short-lived isotopes and of 23Na in thermally pulsing AGB stars with initial mass of 2 Mȯ and two different metallicities, Z=1.5×10-2, corresponding to the metal amount in the present Sun, and Z=10-4, representative of disk and halo stars, respectively. The different nucleosynthesis channels are illustrated in some details. As previously found, the 13C formed after each third dredge up episode is usually completely consumed by alpha captures before the onset of the subsequent thermal pulse, releasing neutrons. This is the most efficient neutron source in low mass AGB stars, and the resulting s-process nucleosynthesis is at the origin of the solar main component. However, in the solar metallicity model, we find that the temperature of the first formed 13C pocket remains too low during the interpulse and the 13C is not completely burnt, being partially engulfed in the convective zone generated by the following thermal pulse. Due to the rapid convective mixing in this zone, the 13C is exposed to a larger temperature and a nucleosynthesis characterized by a relatively high neutron density develops. The main effect is the strong enhancement of isotopes located beyond some critical branching in the neutron-capture path, like 60Fe, otherwise only marginally produced during a standard s-process nucleosynthesis.


Title:
First detection of a lithium rich carbon star in the Draco dwarf galaxy: Evidence for a young stellar population
Authors:
Domínguez, I.; Abia, C.; Straniero, O.; Cristallo, S.; Pavlenko, Ya. V.
Affiliation:
AA(Dpto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ), AB(Dpto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain), AC(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy), AD(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy), AE(Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences, Zabolotnoho 27, Kiev-127 03680, Ukranie)
Publication:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.422, p.1045-1052 (2004) (A&A Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2004
Origin:
A&A
A&A Keywords:
stars: carbon, stars: abundances, stars: evolution, stars: AGB and post-AGB, galaxies: local group
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361:20040289
Bibliographic Code:
2004A&A...422.1045D

Abstract

We present a spectroscopic study of D461, a giant star belonging to Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. From spectral synthesis in LTE we derive a lithium abundance of log ɛ(Li) = 3.5±0.4 and a C/O ratio between 3 and 5. This is the first detection of a lithium rich C-star in a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Basing on stellar models of appropriate chemical composition, we show that a similar C enrichment is compatible with that expected for a low mass low metallicity thermally pulsing AGB star, undergoing few third dredge up episodes. The position in the log g-log Teff diagram of D461 is also compatible with this theoretical scenario. In particular, the low effective temperature, lower than that expected for a low metallicity giant star, is a consequence of the huge increase of the envelope opacity occurring after the carbon dredge up. The Li enrichment may be explained if a deep circulation would take place during the interpulse period, the so called cool bottom process. In spite of the low resolution of our spectra, we derive a lower limit for the carbon isotopic ratio, namely 12C/13C>40, and a constraint for the Ba abundance, namely 0.5<[Ba/Fe]< 2. The proposed scenario also fits these further constraints. Then, we estimate that the mass of D461 ranges between 1.2 and 2 Mȯ, which corresponds to an age ranging between 1 and 3 Gyr. We conclude that this star is more massive and younger than the typical stellar population of Draco.


Title:
Expected Changes of Supernovae with Redshift due to Evolution of their Progenitors
Authors:
Dominguez, Inma; Hoeflich, Peter; Straniero, Oscar; Limongi, Marco; Chieffi, Alessandro
Publication:
eprint arXiv:astro-ph/0311140
Publication Date:
11/2003
Origin:
ARXIV
Keywords:
Astrophysics
Comment:
5 pages, to appear in proceedings of IAU Colloquium 192, "Supernovae (10 years of 1993J)", Valencia, Spain 22-26 April 2003, eds. J.M. Marcaide, K.W. Weiler, Springer Verlag
Bibliographic Code:
2003astro.ph.11140D

Abstract

We have analyzed the influence of the stellar populations, from which SN progenitors come from, on the observational outcome, including the metal free Pop. III. We use our models to study the evolution of the progenitor, the subsequent explosion and the light curves. For Type Ia, the variation of the main sequence mass of the progenitor of the exploding WD, produces an offset in the maximum-decline relation of 0.2 mag. This effect is critical for the use of high redshift Type Ia SNe as cosmological standard candles. In contrast, the metallicity does not change the above relation (at maximum, Delta M_V < 0.06 mag). For Type II, we find a dependence of the light curve properties with both, main sequence mass and metallicity of the progenitor, and we identify a rather homogeneous subclass, {\it Extreme} II-P, that may be used as a quasi-standard candle. Note that, although not as good as Type Ia for distance determinations, Type II are expected to occur since the first stars were formed.


Title:
Theoretical light curves of Type II-P supernovae and applications to cosmology
Authors:
Chieffi, A.; Domínguez, I.; Höflich, P.; Limongi, M.; Straniero, O.
Affiliation:
AA(Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), AB(Departmento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain), AC(Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78681, USA), AD(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), AE(INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, I-64100 Teramo, Italy)
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 345, Issue 1, pp. 111-122. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
10/2003
Origin:
MNRAS
MNRAS Keywords:
stars: evolution, stars: interiors, supernovae: general, distance scale
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06958.x
Bibliographic Code:
2003MNRAS.345..111C

Abstract

Based on an extensive grid of stellar models between 13 and 25 Msolar and a wide range of metallicities, we have studied the light curves of core collapse supernovae, their application to cosmology and their evolutionary effects with redshift. The direct link between the hydrodynamics and radiation transport allows us to calculate monochromatic light curves.

With decreasing metallicity, Z, and increasing mass, progenitors tend to explode as compact blue supergiants (BSG) and produce subluminous supernovae that are approximately 1.5 mag dimmer than normal Type II supernovae (SNe II) with red supergiant (RSG) progenitors. Progenitors with small masses tend to explode as RSGs even at low Z. The consequence for testing the chemical evolution is obvious, namely a strong bias when using the statistics of core collapse supernovae to determine the history of star formation.

Our study is limited in scope with respect to the explosion energies and the production of radioactive Ni. Within the class of extreme SNe II-P supernovae, the light curves are rather insensitive with respect to the progenitor mass and explosion energy compared with analytic models based on parametrized stellar structures. We expect a wider range of brightness due to variations in 56Ni because radioactive energy is a significant source of luminosity. However, the overall insensitivity of light curves may allow their use as quasi-standard candles for distance determination.



Title:
Thermal X-Ray Emission from Shocked Ejecta in Type Ia Supernova Remnants: Prospects for Explosion Mechanism Identification
Authors:
Badenes, Carles; Bravo, Eduardo; Borkowski, Kazimierz J.; Domínguez, Inmaculada
Affiliation:
AA(Departament Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; , .; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.), AB(Departament Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; , .; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.), AC(Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; .), AD(Departamento Física de la Tierra y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; .)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 593, Issue 1, pp. 358-369. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2003
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Hydrodynamics, ISM: individual (SN 1572), Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, ISM: Supernova Remnants, Stars: Supernovae: General, X-Rays: ISM
DOI:
10.1086/376448
Bibliographic Code:
2003ApJ...593..358B

Abstract

The explosion mechanism behind Type Ia supernovae is a matter of continuing debate. The diverse attempts to identify or at least constrain the physical processes involved in the explosion have been only partially successful so far. In this paper we propose to use the thermal X-ray emission from young supernova remnants (SNRs) originating in Type Ia events to extract relevant information concerning the explosions themselves. We have produced a grid of thermonuclear supernova models representative of the paradigms currently under debate: pure deflagrations, delayed detonations, pulsating delayed detonations, and sub-Chandrasekhar explosions, using their density and chemical composition profiles to simulate the interaction with the surrounding ambient medium and the ensuing plasma heating, nonequilibrium ionization and thermal X-ray emission of the ejecta. Key observational parameters such as electron temperatures, emission measures, and ionization timescales are presented and discussed. We find that not only is it possible to identify the explosion mechanism from the spectra of young Type Ia SNRs, it is in fact necessary to take the detailed ejecta structure into account if such spectra are to be modeled in a self-consistent way. Neither element line flux ratios nor element emission measures are good estimates of the true ratios of ejected masses, with differences of as much as 2 or 3 orders of magnitude for a given model. Comparison with observations of the Tycho SNR suggests a delayed detonation as the most probable explosion mechanism. Line strengths, line ratios, and the centroid of the Fe Kα line are reasonably well reproduced by a model of this kind.


Title:
The Chemical Composition of White Dwarfs as a Test of Convective Efficiency during Core Helium Burning
Authors:
Straniero, Oscar; Domínguez, Inmaculada; Imbriani, Gianluca; Piersanti, Luciano
Affiliation:
AA(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AB(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; ), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy; and INFN, Naples, Italy; ), AD(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 583, Issue 2, pp. 878-884. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
02/2003
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Convection, Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Evolution, Stars: Interiors, Stars: White Dwarfs
DOI:
10.1086/345427
Bibliographic Code:
2003ApJ...583..878S

Abstract

Pulsating white dwarfs provide constraints to the evolution of progenitor stars. We revise He-burning stellar models, with particular attention to core convection and to its connection with the nuclear reactions powering energy generation and chemical evolution. Theoretical results are compared to the available measurements for the variable white dwarf GD 358, which indicate a rather large abundance of central oxygen (Metcalfe and coworkers). We show that the attempt to constrain the relevant nuclear reaction rate by means of the white dwarf composition is faced with a large degree of uncertainty related to evaluating the efficiency of convection-induced mixing. By combining the uncertainty of the convection theory with the error on the relevant reaction rate, we derive that the present theoretical prediction for the central oxygen mass fraction in white dwarfs varies between 0.3 and 0.9. Unlike previous claims, we find that models taking into account semiconvection and a moderate 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate are able to account for a high central oxygen abundance. The rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O used in these models agrees with the one recently obtained in laboratory experiments by Kunz and coworkers. On the other hand, when semiconvection is inhibited, as in the case of classical models (bare Schwarzschild criterion) or in models with mechanical overshoot, an extremely high rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction is needed to account for a large oxygen production. Finally, we show that the apparent discrepancy between our result and those reported in previous studies depends on the method used to avoid the convective runaways (the so-called breathing pulses) that are usually encountered in modeling late stage of core He-burning phase.


Title:
Low-Mass AGB Stellar Models for 0.003 <= Z <= 0.02: Basic Formulae for Nucleosynthesis Calculations
Authors:
Straniero, O.; Domínguez, I.; Cristallo, S.; Gallino, R.
Affiliation:
AA(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Italy ), AB(Universidad de Granada, Spain ), AC(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Italy ), AD(Dip. Fisica Generale Università di Torino and Sez. INFN Torino, Italy ; Center for Stellar and Planetary Astrophysics, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia)
Publication:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp. 389-392. (PASA Homepage)
Publication Date:
00/2003
Origin:
PASA
Keywords:
stars: abundances, stars: AGB, stars: evolution, nucleosynthesis
DOI:
10.1071/AS03041
Bibliographic Code:
2003PASA...20..389S

Abstract

We have extended our published set of low-mass AGB stellar modelsto lower metallicities. Different mass-loss rates have been explored. We provide interpolation formulae for the luminosity, effective temperature, core mass, mass of dredge up material and maximum temperature in the convective zone generated by thermal pulses. Finally, we discuss the resultant modification of these quantities when we use an appropriate treatment of the inward propagation of the convective instability, as caused by the steeprise in radiative opacity when the convective envelope penetratesthe H-depleted region.


Title:
The Chemical Composition of Carbon C(N) stars
Authors:
Abia, C.; Domínguez, I.; Gallino, R.; Masera, S.; Busso, M.; Straniero, O.; de Laverny, P.; Plez, B.
Publication:
CNO in the universe, Proceedings of a conference held in Saint-Luc, Valais, Switzerland, 10-14 September 2002. Edited by Corinne Charbonnel, Daniel Schaerer, and Georges Meynet. ASP Conference Series, Vol. 304. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2003., p.122
Publication Date:
00/2003
Origin:
ADS
Bibliographic Code:
2003ASPC..304..122A

Abstract

A chemical study of normal Galactic C(N) carbon stars is presented. Abundances of Li, CNO isotopes and s-elements are derived. The derived abundances of s-elements nicely agree with theoretical s-process nucleosynthesis predictions during the AGB phase. However, the figures obtained for Li and the 12C/13C ratios might imply the existence of a non-standard mixing process during the AGB phase operating preferentially in low mass stars. The intrinsic or extrinsic nature of C(N) stars is also discussed.


Title:
s-Process Nucleosynthesis in Carbon Stars
Authors:
Abia, C.; Domínguez, I.; Gallino, R.; Busso, M.; Masera, S.; Straniero, O.; de Laverny, P.; Plez, B.; Isern, J.
Affiliation:
AA(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; , ), AB(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; , ), AC(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Universitá di Torino and Sezione INFN di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; ), AD(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy; ), AE(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; ), AF(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, I-64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AG(Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Departement Fresnel UMR 6528, Nice, France; ), AH(Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France; ), AI(Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 579, Issue 2, pp. 817-831. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
11/2002
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Abundances, Stars: AGB and Post-AGB, Stars: Carbon, Stars: Evolution
DOI:
10.1086/342924
Bibliographic Code:
2002ApJ...579..817A

Abstract

We present the first detailed and homogeneous analysis of the s-element content in Galactic carbon stars of N type. Abundances of Sr, Y, Zr (low-mass s-elements, or ls), Ba, La, Nd, Sm, and Ce (high-mass s-elements, or hs) are derived using the spectral synthesis technique from high-resolution spectra. The N stars analyzed are of nearly solar metallicity and show moderate s-element enhancements, similar to those found in S stars, but smaller than those found in the only previous similar study (Utsumi 1985), and also smaller than those found in supergiant post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars. This is in agreement with the present understanding of the envelope s-element enrichment in giant stars, which is increasing along the spectral sequence M-->MS-->S-->SC-->C during the AGB phase. We compare the observational data with recent s-process nucleosynthesis models for different metallicities and stellar masses. Good agreement is obtained between low-mass AGB star models (M<~3 Msolar) and s-element observations. In low-mass AGB stars, the 13C(α, n)16O reaction is the main source of neutrons for the s-process a moderate spread, however, must exist in the abundance of 13C that is burnt in different stars. By combining information deriving from the detection of Tc, the infrared colors, and the theoretical relations between stellar mass, metallicity, and the final C/O ratio, we conclude that most (or maybe all) of the N stars studied in this work are intrinsic, thermally pulsing AGB stars; their abundances are the consequence of the operation of third dredge-up and are not to be ascribed to mass transfer in binary systems.


Title:
Bounds on the possible evolution of the gravitational constant from cosmological type-Ia supernovae
Authors:
Gaztañaga, E.; García-Berro, E.; Isern, J.; Bravo, E.; Domínguez, I.
Affiliation:
AA(INAOE, Astrofísica, Tonantzintla, Apdo. Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico), AB(INAOE, Astrofísica, Tonantzintla, Apdo. Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico), AC(INAOE, Astrofísica, Tonantzintla, Apdo. Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico), AD(INAOE, Astrofísica, Tonantzintla, Apdo. Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico), AE(INAOE, Astrofísica, Tonantzintla, Apdo. Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico)
Publication:
Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation, and Cosmology), Volume 65, Issue 2, 15 January 2002, p.023506 (PhRvD Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2002
Origin:
APS
PACS Keywords:
Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe, Gravity in more than four dimensions, Kaluza-Klein theory, unified field theories; alternative theories of gravity
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.65.023506
Bibliographic Code:
2002PhRvD..65b3506G

Abstract

Recent high-redshift type-Ia supernovae results can be used to set new bounds on a possible variation of the gravitational constant G. If the local value of G at the space-time location of distant supernovae is different, it would change both the kinetic energy release and the amount of 56Ni synthesized in the supernova outburst. Both effects are related to a change in the Chandrasekhar mass MCh~G-3/2. In addition, the integrated variation of G with time would also affect the cosmic evolution and therefore the luminosity distance relation. We show that the later effect in the magnitudes of type-Ia supernovae is typically several times smaller than the change produced by the corresponding variation of the Chandrasekhar mass. We investigate in a consistent way how a varying G could modify the Hubble diagram of type-Ia supernovae and how these results can be used to set upper bounds to a hypothetical variation of G. We find G/G0<~1.1 and Gdot/G<~10-11 yr-1 at redshifts z~=0.5. These new bounds extend the currently available constraints on the evolution of G all the way from solar and stellar distances to typical scales of Gpc/Gyr, i.e., by more than 15 orders of magnitude in time and distance.


Title:
The 85Kr s-Process Branching and the Mass of Carbon Stars
Authors:
Abia, C.; Busso, M.; Gallino, R.; Domínguez, I.; Straniero, O.; Isern, J.
Affiliation:
AA(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; ), AB(Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy; ), AC(Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; ), AD(Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; ), AE(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, I-64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AF(Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 559, Issue 2, pp. 1117-1134. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
10/2001
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Abundances, Stars: AGB and Post-AGB, Stars: Carbon
DOI:
10.1086/322383
Bibliographic Code:
2001ApJ...559.1117A

Abstract

We present new spectroscopic observations for a sample of C(N)-type red giants. These objects belong to the class of asymptotic giant branch stars, experiencing thermal instabilities in the He-burning shell (thermal pulses). Mixing episodes called third dredge-up enrich the photosphere with newly synthesized 12C in the He-rich zone, and this is the source of the high observed ratio between carbon and oxygen (C/O>=1 by number). Our spectroscopic abundance estimates confirm that, in agreement with the general understanding of the late evolutionary stages of low- and intermediate-mass stars, carbon enrichment is accompanied by the appearance of s-process elements in the photosphere. We discuss the details of the observations and of the derived abundances, focusing in particular on rubidium, a neutron density sensitive element, and on the s-elements Sr, Y, and Zr belonging to the first s-peak. The critical reaction branching at 85Kr, which determines the relative enrichment of the studied species, is discussed. Subsequently, we compare our data with recent models for s-processing in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars, at metallicities relevant for our sample. A remarkable agreement between model predictions and observations is found. Thanks to the different neutron density prevailing in low- and intermediate-mass stars, comparison with the models allows us to conclude that most C(N) stars are of low mass (M<~3 Msolar). We also analyze the 12C/13C ratios measured, showing that most of them cannot be explained by canonical stellar models. We discuss how this fact would require the operation of an ad hoc additional mixing, currently called cool bottom process, operating only in low-mass stars during the first ascent of the red giant branch and, perhaps, also during the asymptotic giant branch.


Title:
Constraints on the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae and Implications for the Cosmological Equation of State
Authors:
Domínguez, Inma; Höflich, Peter; Straniero, Oscar
Affiliation:
AA(Department de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; ), AB(Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; ), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 557, Issue 1, pp. 279-291. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2001
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Cosmology: Cosmological Parameters, Cosmology: Distance Scale, Stars: Supernovae: General
DOI:
10.1086/321661
Bibliographic Code:
2001ApJ...557..279D

Abstract

Detailed stellar evolution calculations have been performed to quantify the influence of the main-sequence mass MMS and the metallicity Z of the progenitor on the structure of the exploding white dwarf (WD), which are thought to be the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). In particular, we study the effects of progenitors on the brightness-decline relation M(ΔM15), which is a cornerstone for the use of SNe Ia as cosmological yardsticks. Both the typical MMS and Z can be expected to change as we go back in time. We consider the entire range of potential progenitors with 1.5-7 Msolar and metallicities between Z=0.02 and 1×10-10. Our study is based on the delayed detonation scenario with specific parameters that give a good account of typical light curves and spectra. Based on the structures for the WD, detailed model calculations have been performed for the hydrodynamical explosion, nucleosynthesis, and light curves. The main-sequence mass has been identified as the decisive factor to change the energetics of the explosion and, consequently, dominates the variations in the rise-time-decline relation of light curves. MMS has little effect on the color index B-V. For similar decline rates ΔM15, the flux at maximum brightness relative to the flux on the radioactive tail decreases systematically with MMS by about 0.2m. This change goes along with a reduction of the photospheric expansion velocity vph by about 2000 km s-1. A change in the central density of the exploding WD has similar effects but produces the opposite dependency between the brightness-to-tail ratio and vph and therefore can be separated. The metallicity alters the isotopic composition of the outer layers of the ejecta. Selective line blanketing at short wavelengths decreases with Z and changes systematically the intrinsic color index B-V by up to -0.06m, and it alters the fluxes in the U band and the UV. The change in B-V is critical if extinction corrections are applied. The offset in the calibration of M(ΔM15) is not monotonic in Z and, in general, remains <=0.07m. We use our results and recent observations to constrain the progenitors and to discuss evolutionary effects of SNe Ia with redshift. The narrow spread in the fiducial rise-time-decline relation in local SNe Ia restricts the range of main-sequence masses to a factor of 2. The upper limit of 1 day for the difference between the local and distance sample supports the need for a positive cosmological constant. The size of evolutionary effects is small (ΔM~0.2m) but is absolutely critical for the reconstruction of the cosmological equation of state.


Title:
The Implications of the New Z=0 Stellar Models and Yields on the Early Metal Pollution of the Intergalactic Medium
Authors:
Abia, C.; Domínguez, I.; Straniero, O.; Limongi, M.; Chieffi, A.; Isern, J.
Affiliation:
AA(Dept. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; ), AB(Dept. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; ), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, I-64100 Teramo, Italy; ), AD(Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio Catone, Roma, Italy; ), AE(Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale (CNR), via Fosso Cavaliere, I-00133 Roma, Italy; ), AF(Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 557, Issue 1, pp. 126-136. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2001
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Galaxies: Abundances, Galaxies: Formation, galaxies: intergalactic medium, Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Luminosity Function, Mass Function
DOI:
10.1086/321660
Bibliographic Code:
2001ApJ...557..126A

Abstract

Motivated by the recent detection of metals in different components of the high-redshift universe and by the abundance ratios measured in the extremely metal-poor stars of our Galaxy, we study the nucleosynthesis constraints that this imposes on an early generation of stars (Population III). To do so we take into account the chemical yields obtained from homogeneous evolutionary calculations of zero-metal stars in the mass range 3<~m/Msolar<~40 (Limongi et al.; Chieffi et al.). We also consider the role played by metal-free very massive objects (m>100 Msolar). Using both analytical and numerical chemical evolution models, we confront model predictions from the different choices of the mass function proposed for Population III with the observational constraints. We show that low values of star formation efficiency (<1%) are required so as not to exceed the minimum metallicity ([C/H]~-2.4) measured in the high-redshift systems for any of the initial mass functions (IMFs) proposed. We also show that the observational constraints require Ωsr<3×10-3Ωb, confirming previous claims that the possible contribution of the stellar remnants from Population III to the baryonic dark matter is insignificant. At present, however, the scarcity of abundance measurements for high-redshift systems does not permit us to put severe limitations on the nature of the initial mass function for Population III. In fact, overabundances of α-elements with respect to iron of the order of those measured in damped Lyα systems are obtained for any of the IMFs tested. Nevertheless, to account for the very large [C, N/Fe] ratios found in a considerable number of extremely metal-poor stars of our Galaxy, an IMF peaking at the intermediate stellar mass range (4-8 Msolar) is needed.


Title:
Evolution and Nucleosynthesis of Zero-Metal Intermediate-Mass Stars
Authors:
Chieffi, Alessandro; Domínguez, Inma; Limongi, Marco; Straniero, Oscar
Affiliation:
AA(Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere, I-00133 Roma, Italy; ), AB(Dapartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; ), AC(Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio Catone, Roma, Italy; ), AD(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania-Teramo, I-64100 Teramo, Italy; )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 554, Issue 2, pp. 1159-1174. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
06/2001
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Abundances, Stars: Evolution, Stars: Population II
DOI:
10.1086/321387
Bibliographic Code:
2001ApJ...554.1159C

Abstract

New stellar models with masses ranging between 4 and 8 Msolar, Z=0, and Y=0.23 are presented. The models have been evolved from the pre-main sequence up to the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). At variance with previous claims, we find that these updated stellar models do experience thermal pulses in the AGB phase. In particular, we show the following:1. In models with a mass larger than 6 Msolar, the second dredge-up is able to raise the CNO abundance in the envelope enough to allow a normal AGB evolution, in the sense that the thermal pulses and the third dredge-up take place.2. In models of lower mass, the efficiency of the CNO cycle in the H-burning shell is controlled by the carbon produced locally via the 3α reactions. Nevertheless, the He-burning shell becomes thermally unstable after the early AGB. The expansion of the overlying layers induced by these weak He-shell flashes is not sufficient by itself to allow a deep penetration of the convective envelope. However, soon after the development of the maximum luminosity of the He flash is attained, a convective shell systematically forms at the base of the H-rich envelope. The innermost part of this convective shell probably overlaps the underlying C-rich region left by the intershell convection during the thermal pulse so that fresh carbon is dredged up in a hot H-rich environment and an H flash occurs. This flash favors the expansion of the outermost layers already started by the weak thermal pulse, and a deeper penetration of the convective envelope takes place. Then the carbon abundance in the envelope rises to a level high enough that the further evolution of these models closely resembles that of more metal-rich AGB stars.These stars provide an important source of primary carbon and nitrogen, so a major revision of the chemical evolution in the early Galaxy is required. We suggest that the chemical imprint of these Population III stars could be found in the old and metal-poor components of the Milky Way.


Title:
The role of /Z=0 AGB stars on the early chemical enrichment
Authors:
Domínguez, I.; Abia, C.; Straniero, O.; Chieffi, A.; Limongi, M.
Publication:
Nuclear Physics A, Volume 688, Issue 1-2, p. 399-401.
Publication Date:
05/2001
Origin:
ELSEVIER
DOI:
10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00736-9
Bibliographic Code:
2001NuPhA.688..399D

Abstract

We present theoretical evolutionary models for Z=0 stars in the mass range 4< M/Mo <8 from the pre-main sequence up to the AGB phase. Contrary to previous calculations we found that these stars develop normal thermal pulses and third dredge-up episodes. Special attention is devoted to analyze the chemical enrichment in the envelope due to the above mechanisms. As a consequence, we show that these stars become carbon and nitrogen rich. Using different IMFs proposed in the literature for the Population III stars, we study their contribution to the pre-galactic chemical enrichment. It is found that Z=0 AGB stars could significantly contribute to 7Li, 12C and 14N and produce extreme non-solar 24Mg/25Mg/26Mg ratios. However, the net contribution is very sensitive to the IMF adopted and to the fraction of primordial matter which goes into stars.


Title:
Type Ia supernovae: differences due to progenitors within delayed detonation explosions
Authors:
Domínguez, I.; Höflich, P.; Straniero, O.
Publication:
Nuclear Physics A, Volume 688, Issue 1-2, p. 21-24.
Publication Date:
05/2001
Origin:
ELSEVIER
DOI:
10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00661-3
Bibliographic Code:
2001NuPhA.688...21D

Abstract

At this moment, the use of SNIa for cosmology lies on the assumption that the SNe at high redshifts are equal to the local ones. However, some observations indicate a correlation between the light curve (LC) properties and the morphological type of the host galaxy. This could indicate a dependence with the age (mass/composition) of the underlying population. In this work we have chosen the delayed detonation explosion model in CO Chandrasekhar mass WDs to explore the dependence of the SNIa LC and nucleosynthesis with the initial mass and composition of the WD progenitor. The progenitor influences the final SNIa via the mass of the CO core formed and the C/O ratio within it (1D explosion models). We have followed the evolution of stars with masses between 1.5 and 8 Mo and metallicity, Z=0, 1.E-05, 0.001 and 0.02, from the pre-main sequence to the TP-AGB phase. The differences obtained in the final C/O ratio within the explosive WD are smaller than 22%. This results in a difference at maximum of 0.03 mag and of 0.1 mag when the brightness-decline relation is applied.


Title:
Extreme Type IIp Supernovae as Yardsticks for Cosmology
Authors:
Höflich, P.; Straniero, O.; Limongi, M.; Dominguez, I.; Chieffi, A.
Affiliation:
AA(Dept. of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78681, USA.)
Publication:
The Seventh Texas-Mexico Conference on Astrophysics: Flows, Blows and Glows (Eds. William H. Lee and Silvia Torres-Peimbert) Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias) Vol. 10, pp. 157-162 (2001) (RMxAC Homepage)
Publication Date:
03/2001
Origin:
RMXAA
Keywords:
COSMOLOGY, SUPERNOVAE: GENERAL
Bibliographic Code:
2001RMxAC..10..157H

Abstract

Evolutionary effects with redshift of core collapse supernovae and their application to cosmology have been studied based on an extensive grid of stellar models between 13 and 25 Msolar, and their light curves after the explosion. With decreasing metallicity Z, and increasing mass, progenitors tend to explode as compact Blue Supergiants (BSG) and produce subluminous supernovae which are about 1.5m dimmer compared to 'normal' SNeII with Red Supergiant (RSG) progenitors. Progenitors with small masses tend to explode as RSGs even with low Z. The consequences are obvious for probing the chemical evolution. We identify extreme SNe IIp supernovae as a rather homogeneous class which may allow their use as standard candles for distance determination accurate within 30%. Due to their unique light curves, no spectra need to be taken for their identification, and follow-up observations can be limited to a very small dynamical range in brightness. This means that distance determination by `extreme SNe IIp' are possible up to redshifts of ≈ 3 using 8-meter class telescopes. SIRTIF may push the limit by another magnitude.


Title:
Properties of Deflagration Fronts and Models for Type IA Supernovae
Authors:
Domínguez, I.; Höflich, P.
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 528, Issue 2, pp. 854-860. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
01/2000
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES, STARS: SUPERNOVAE: GENERAL, TURBULENCE
DOI:
10.1086/308223
Bibliographic Code:
2000ApJ...528..854D

Abstract

Detailed models of the explosion of a white dwarf that include self-consistent calculations of the light curve and spectra provide a link between observational quantities and the underlying explosion model. These calculations assume spherical geometry and are based on parameterized descriptions of the burning front. Recently, the first multidimensional calculations for nuclear burning fronts have been performed. Although a fully consistent treatment of the burning fronts is beyond the current state of the art, these calculations provide a new and better understanding of the physics. Several new descriptions for flame propagation have been proposed by Khokhlov et al. and Niemeyer et al. Using various descriptions for the propagation of a nuclear deflagration front, we have studied the influence on the results of previous analyses of Type Ia supernovae, namely, the nucleosynthesis and structure of the expanding envelope. Our calculations are based on a set of delayed detonation models with parameters that give a good account of the optical and infrared light curves and of the spectral evolution. In this scenario, the burning front first propagates in a deflagration mode and subsequently turns into a detonation. The explosions and light curves are calculated using a one-dimensional Lagrangian radiation-hydro code including a detailed nuclear network. We find that the results of the explosion are rather insensitive to details of the description of the deflagration front, even if its speed and the time from the transition to detonation differ almost by a factor of 2. For a given white dwarf (WD) and a fixed transition density, the total production of elements changes by less than 10%, and the distribution in the velocity space changes by less than 7%. Qualitatively, this insensitivity of the final outcome of the explosion to the details of the flame propagation during the (slow) deflagration phase can be understood as follows: for plausible variations in the speed of the turbulent deflagration, the duration of this phase is several times longer than the sound crossing time in the initial WD. Therefore, the energy produced during the early nuclear burning can be redistributed over the entire WD, causing a slow preexpansion. In this intermediate state, the WD is still bound but its binding energy is reduced by the amount of nuclear energy. The expansion ratio depends mainly on the total amount of burning during the deflagration phase. Consequently, the conditions are very similar under which nuclear burning takes place during the subsequent detonation phase. In our example, the density and temperature at the burning front changes by less than 3%, and the expansion velocity changes by less than 10%. The burning conditions are very close to previous calculations which used a constant deflagration velocity. Based on a comparison with observations, those required low deflagration speeds (~2%-3% of the speed of sound). Exceptions to the similarity are the innermost layers of ~0.03-0.05 Msolar. Still, nuclear burning is in nuclear statistical equilibrium, but the rate of electron capture is larger for the new descriptions of the flame propagation. Consequently, the production of very neutron-rich isotopes is increased. In our example, close to the center Ye is about 0.44, compared to 0.46 in the model with constant deflagration speed. This increases the 48Ca production by more than a factor of 100 to 3.E-6 Msolar. Conclusions from previous analyses of light curves and spectra on the properties of the WD and the explosions will not change, and even with the new descriptions, the delayed detonation scenario is consistent with the observations. Namely, the central density results with respect to the chemical structure of the progenitor and the transition density from deflagration to detonation do not change. The reason for this similarity is the fact that the total amount of burning during the long deflagration phase determines the restructuring of the WD prior to the detonation. Therefore, we do not expect that the precise, microphysical prescription for the speed of a subsonic burning front has a significant effect on the outcome. However, at the current level of uncertainties for the burning front, the relation between properties of the burning front and of the initial white dwarf cannot be obtained from a comparison between observation and theoretical predictions by one-dimensional models. Multidimensional calculations are needed (1) to get inside the relations between model parameters such as central density and properties of the deflagration front and its relation to the transition density between deflagration and detonation and (2) to make use of information on asphericity that is provided by polarization measurements. These questions are essential to test, estimate, and predict some of the evolutionary effects of SNe Ia and their use as cosmological yardsticks.


Title:
Do zero metals intermediate mass stars experience thermal pulses?
Authors:
Dominguez, I.; Straniero, O.; Limongi, M.; Chieffi, A.
Publication:
Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, Vol. 71, p.781
Publication Date:
00/2000
Origin:
ADS
Bibliographic Code:
2000MmSAI..71..781D

Abstract

We have studied the evolution of intermediate mass (M.ge.5Mo) zero metal (Z=0) stars with particular attention to the AGB phase. At variance with previous claims we find that these stars experience thermal instability (the so called thermal pulses). The critical quantity which controls the onset of a thermally pulsing phase is the amount of CNO in the envelope during the AGB. For these stars the central He burning starts in the blue side of the HR diagram and the 1^{st} dredge up does not take place. Then the envelope maintains its initial composition up to the beginning of the AGB phase. However, during the early AGB the 2^{nd} dredge-up occurs and fresh He and CNO elements are engulfed in the convective envelope. We find that in stars with M.ge.6Mo the resulting amount of ^{12}C is large enough to sustain a normal CNO burning within the H shell and consequently the star enters the usual thermal pulse phase. In the 5Mo model, owing to the lower ^{12}C enhancement in the envelope after the 2^{nd} dredge-up, the He burning shell suffers weak thermal instabilities. 9 of these thermal oscillation are needed before the He burning luminosity reaches 3x10^5 Lo and a first convective shell develops in between the two burning shells. Later on a second convective shell forms at the base of the H rich envelope. This convective zone cross the H/He discontinuity and partially overlaps the previous one, dredging up fresh ^{12}C. After a huge H flash, a quiescent CNO burning settle on. From this moment a thermal pulse phase starts, which is very similar to the one experienced by the more massive models.


Title:
Thermally pulsing AGB models of intermediate mass stars
Authors:
Straniero, O.; Limongi, M.; Chieffi, A.; Dominguez, I.; Busso, M.; Gallino, R.
Publication:
Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, Vol. 71, p.719
Publication Date:
00/2000
Origin:
ADS
Bibliographic Code:
2000MmSAI..71..719S

Abstract

We present a set of models of AGB stars with initial mass larger than 5 Mo as obtained with the FRANEC code. It includes models of Z=0.02 and Z=0.001, with and without mass loss.


Title:
Evolution of type Ia supernovae on cosmological time scales.
Authors:
Dominguez, I.; Höflich, P.; Straniero, O.; Wheeler, C.
Publication:
Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital., Vol. 71, N. 2, p. 449 - 460
Publication Date:
00/2000
Origin:
ARI
ARI Keywords:
Supernovae: Stellar Evolution, Supernovae: Progenitors
Bibliographic Code:
2000MmSAI..71..449D

Abstract

The authors study the outcome of exploding CO white dwarfs following the evolution of the progenitor intermediate mass stars with different masses and metallicities. One result is clear, that the differences at maximum are expected to be small (≡0.2 mag) but this is of the same order as all the evidence for a positive cosmological constant (≡0.25 mag).


Title:
Intermediate-Mass Stars: Updated Models
Authors:
Dominguez, Inma; Chieffi, Alessandro; Limongi, Marco; Straniero, Oscar
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 524, Issue 1, pp. 226-241. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
10/1999
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
GALAXY: OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS: GENERAL, STARS: EVOLUTION, STARS: INTERIORS
DOI:
10.1086/307787
Bibliographic Code:
1999ApJ...524..226D

Abstract

A new set of stellar models in the mass range 1.2-9 M_solar is presented. The adopted chemical compositions cover the typical Galactic values, namely, 0.0001<=Z<=0.02 and 0.23<=Y<=0.28. A comparison of the most recent compilations of similar stellar models is also discussed. The main conclusion is that the differences among the various evolutionary results are still rather large. For example, we found that the H-burning evolutionary time may differ up to 20%. An even larger disagreement is found for the He-burning phase (up to 40%-50%). Since the connection between the various input physics and the numerical algorithms could amplify or counterbalance the effect of a single ingredient on the resulting stellar model, the origin of these discrepancies is not evident. However most of these discrepancies, which are clearly found in the evolutionary tracks, are reduced on the isochrones. By means of our updated models we show that the ages inferred by the theory of stellar evolution is in excellent agreement with those obtained by using other independent methods applied to the nearby open clusters. Finally, the theoretical initial/final mass relation is revised.


Title:
Asymptotic giant branch stars as astroparticle laboratories
Authors:
Domínguez, Inma; Straniero, Oscar; Isern, Jordi
Affiliation:
AA(Depto de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain), AB(Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy ), AC(Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IEEC/CSIC, Barcelona, Spain )
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 306, Issue 1, p. L1-L7 (1999). (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
06/1999
Origin:
MNRAS
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02633.x
Bibliographic Code:
1999MNRAS.306L...1D

Abstract

We show that the inclusion of axion emission during stellar evolution introduces important changes into the evolutionary behaviour of aymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The mass of the resulting C/O white dwarf (WD) is much lower than the equivalent obtained from standard evolution. This implies a deficit in luminous AGB stars and in massive WDs. Moreover, the total mass processed in the nuclear burning shells that is dredged up to the surface (third D_up) increases when axion emission is included, modifying the chemical composition of the photosphere. We conclude that the AGB is a promising phase with which to put constraints on particle physics.


Title:
The Cooling of CO White Dwarfs: Influence of the Internal Chemical Distribution
Authors:
Salaris, Maurizio; Dominguez, Inmaculada; Garcia-Berro, Enrique; Hernanz, Margarida; Isern, Jordi; Mochkovitch, Robert
Publication:
Astrophysical Journal v.486, p.413 (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/1997
Origin:
APJ
ApJ Keywords:
NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES, STARS: INTERIORS, STARS: WHITE DWARFS
DOI:
10.1086/304483
Bibliographic Code:
1997ApJ...486..413S

Abstract

White dwarfs are the remnants of stars of low and intermediate masses on the main sequence. Since they have exhausted all of their nuclear fuel, their evolution is just a gravothermal process. The release of energy only depends on the detailed internal structure and chemical composition and on the properties of the envelope equation of state and opacity; its consequences on the cooling curve (i.e., the luminosity vs. time relationship) depend on the luminosity at which this energy is released. The internal chemical profile depends on the rate of the 12C( alpha , gamma )16O reaction as well as on the treatment of convection. High reaction rates produce white dwarfs with oxygen-rich cores surrounded by carbon-rich mantles. This reduces the available gravothermal energy and decreases the lifetime of white dwarfs. In this paper we compute detailed evolutionary models providing chemical profiles for white dwarfs having progenitors in the mass range from 1.0 to 7 Mȯ, and we examine the influence of such profiles in the cooling process. The influence of the process of separation of carbon and oxygen during crystallization is decreased as a consequence of the initial stratification, but it is still important and cannot be neglected. As an example, the best fit to the luminosity functions of Liebert et al. and Oswalt et al. gives an age of the disk of 9.3 and 11.0 Gyr, respectively, when this effect is taken into account, and only 8.3 and 10.0 Gyr when it is neglected.


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